Инфекционные болезни

The disease

The first symptoms of

How can the disease pass from one person to another?

Diet

What must we do to prevent spread of infection?

Scarlet fever

(Скарлатина)

The beginning of the disease is quick. The patient has a sore throat, fever, headache, and he often vomits. The face is flushed and the skin feels hot and dry. The temperature rises quickly on the first day and remains high for a few days. The rash appears on the second day. After the temperature falls the skin begins to peel.

The disease passes from one person to another through the nose and mouth.

When the temperature is high the nurse gives to the patient fluid diet and when the temperature falls she gives him nourishing food.

We must isolate the patient with scarlet fever and put him in bed.

Measles

(Корь)

The first symptoms are: sneezing and coughing. The disease begins with the signs of a heavy cold, a running nose and a dry cough. The temperature is high and the child dislike of the light. The rash appears on the third or fourth day behind  the ears and around the mouth and then covers the body.

The disease passes from one child to another.

Health experts suggest to take a fruit diet only, fruits like oranges, grapefruit, lemons are the most useful for measles patient. These fruits are light and are ideal for children. Additional food can be added after three days.

The nurse must be very careful to prevent the spread of infection. The nurse must take care of the hygiene of the mouth. The patient’s mouth and lips must be clean and moist.

Influenza

(Грипп)

The symptoms of influenza are: high temperature, headache, general pains.

Colds pass through the hands.

The patient must drink much water.

Never shake hands when you have a cold.

The disease

The first symptoms of

How can the disease pass from one person to another?

Diet

What must we do to prevent spread of infection?

Diphtheria

(Дифтерия)

The symptoms are: sore throat, fever, and headache. There is difficulty in swallowing. There is a whitish patch in the throat and if it spread to the windpipe, there is difficulty in breathing. The child looks ill and toxic.

Diphtheria is usually spread between people by direct contact or through the air. It may also be spread by contaminated objects.

As long as the temperature remains elevated, a fluid diet is perfectly sufficient. As in the other infectious diseases milk is by far the best and most convenient food.

This disease can be prevented by immunizing the child.

Hepatitis A

(Гепатит A)

There is fever, loss of appetite, vomiting and pain in the upper abdomen. Loss of appetite and a feeling of being ill is out of proportion of the fever. Even the smell of sight of food may make the person sick. In 4-5 days the urine becomes dark in color, and later the eyes and skin becomes yellow. Gradually, the appetite returns and the fever comes down.

The disease is acquired by drinking, or eating anything contaminated by the hepatitis virus, which is passed in the infected person’s stool.

In the acute stage, the child should be encouraged to drink sweet drinks such as orange juice. Sugarcane juice is excellent. Sugar is good for recover or the liver.

Always wash your hands thoroughly after using the restroom and when you come in contact with an infected person's blood, stools, or other bodily fluid. Avoid unclean food and water.

German measles / Rubella

(Краснуха)

There is low-grade fever, some pain behind ears due to enlargement of glands, and a mild pinkish rash, which only lasts for a day or two.

Rubella is usually spread through the air via coughs of people who are infected. People are infectious during the week before and after the appearance of the rash.

Try to avoid the consumption of spicy foods. An all fruit diet is highly recommended during the first few days of the infection. Fresh fruit juices such as lemon and orange are highly beneficial due to their high vitamin C content.

One attack of German measles usually gives a lifelong immunity, although, rarely, a second attack may occur. A vaccine has now been developed to prevent German measles.

The disease

The first symptoms of

How can the disease pass from one person to another?

Diet

What must we do to prevent spread of infection?

Whooping Cough

(Коклюш)

Whooping cough seems like an ordinary cough for the first few days, but gradually the bouts become more and more prolonged and the child coughs continuously. His face becomes red he very often vomits. At the end of bout of cough? When he takes a deep breath, a croaky sound is heard which is called the whoop and which gives disease its name.

Whooping cough spreads from person to person. People with whooping cough usually spread the disease to another person by coughing or sneezing or when spending a lot of time near one another where you share breathing space.

If there is any fever a fluid diet is indicated, and this should be of as bland and unstimulating a character as possible. Milk, supplemented occasionally by meat broths, is all that is required.

It can be prevented by immunizing the child with triple antigen (DPT) injection. A child with whooping cough should be kept separate from other children for the 3-4 weeks.

Chickenpox

(Ветряная оспа)

The illness begins with fever, slight headache and listlessness. With in a day or two spots appear on the chest or back, which soon look like small blisters. Such new “crops” keep appearing for 2-3 days and older ones get scabbed over.

Chickenpox is an airborne disease which spreads easily through the coughs and sneezes of an infected person. It may also spread through contact with the blisters.

Oranges and other citrus fruits are excellent for the immune system. It is advisable to have one glass of orange juice daily. Foods which contain a lot of water are recommended as well since the body can easily digest such foods and process the nutrients in them.

As in the case of measles, there is no point keeping the other children in the family away, as they have been exposed to the disease already and it is just as well for them to get it over with.

Poliomyelitis

(Полиомиелит)

The main symptoms of the disease are: slight fever, general discomfort, headache, stiff neck, stiff back. It may result in paralysis of any part of body.

Poliovirus is usually spread from person to person through infected fecal matter entering the mouth. It may also be spread by food or water containing human feces and less commonly from infected saliva.

Foods to be taken:

-Protein rich diet (meat, chicken etc.)

-Fruits and vegetables (more vegetables)

-Healthy fats (olive oil, coconut oil, sunflower oil etc.)

The child should be isolated from onset of the disease till fever subsides. We can prevent poliomyelitis with oral polio vaccine.

The disease

The first symptoms of

How can the disease pass from one person to another?

Diet

What must we do to prevent spread of infection?

Typhoid

(Тиф)

The main symptoms of the disease are: fever, headache, malaise.

Typhoid is spread by eating or drinking food or water contaminated with the feces of an infected person.

High-calorie foods help prevent weight loss while you are dealing with this infection. Patient must drink at least six to eight glasses of water every day.

We can prevent typhoid with typhoid vaccine.

Tonsillitis

(Тонзиллит)

The main symptoms of tonsillitis are: fever, cough, sore throat.

Tonsillitis itself isn't contagious, but the infections that cause it are.

Viruses, such as those that cause colds and flu, are spread through coming into close contact with someone who's infected.

Foods to be taken:

-Soft foods like plain pasta, rice, yogurt and puddings that are easy to swallow

-Drink plenty of water, water can help soothe the inflammation in your throat

-Steamed and boiled vegetables such as spinach, mashed potatoes help to cure throat infections

There are no any ways of prevention of tonsillitis.

Tetanus (Столбняк)

The main symptoms of tetanus are: stiffness of jaw, spasm and convulsions, difficulty in swallowing.

The disease is not communicable from person to person.

Food can only be given in liquid form.

Vaccination and good wound care are important to help prevent tetanus infection. Doctors can also use a medicine to help prevent tetanus in cases where someone is seriously hurt.