Проблемно-реферативная работа по английскому языку CARTOONS

Contents.

I. Introduction.                                                                   P.3

II. What are cartoons                                                          P.4

III. History of cartoons                                                    P.4-6

IV. Who makes cartoons.                                                   P.6-7

V.  Pros and cons of cartoons.                                           P.7-8        

VI. Conclusion.                                                                 P.9

VIII. List of literature.                                                        P.10

IX. Appendixes                                                                   P.11-14

I. Introduction.

The aim of our work is to tell about cartoons and their popularity

The tasks  are :

to get and analyze information about history of cartoons;

to determine pros and cons of cartoons;

to find out why cartoons are so popular

Hypothesis: cartoons are so popular all over the world so they can’t be harmful for children.

Object: Cartoons

Subject: Its influence on children.

Methods of research: - studying information

        - analysis        

        - determination

        - classification

II. What are cartoons

         A cartoon (from the Italian "cartone" and Dutch word "karton", meaning strong, heavy paper or pasteboard) is a full-size drawing made on paper as a study for further drawings, such as a painting or tapestry. Cartoons were typically used in the production of frescoes, to accurately link the component parts of the composition when painted onto plaster over a series of days. 
         A cartoon is a form of two-dimensional illustrated visual art. While the specific definition has changed over time, modern usage refers to a typically non-realistic or semi-realistic drawing or painting intended for satire, caricature, or humor, or to the artistic style of such works.

          The concept originated in the Middle Ages and first described a preparatory drawing for a piece of art, such as a painting, fresco, tapestry, or stained glass window. In the 19th century, it came to refer to humorous illustrations in magazines and newspapers, and in the early 20th century and onward it referred to comic strips and animated films. (Appendix 1)

III. History of cartoons.

Cartoon history is full of classic moments and beloved cartoon characters. Since ancient times, people have tried to "revive" the drawings. Scientists have found cave paintings, where animals depicted with lots of legs, overlapping each other. The first mention of animation dated the 1st century BC.  At the beginning of the second millennium BC.  China appeared shadowy representation. They were very similar to the future cartoons. (In the middle of the 15th century began to appear artists who entertained people moving images, using for this special arrangements. In the late 17th century Quixeré was coined "charodeystvenny Lantern", which showed a moving image on the glass. In the late 19th century self-taught inventor Emile Rainey came up and presented to the public the projector, which used the principle of progressive transmission of images - one after the other. It was called Praxinoscope.  While the history of cartoons may have origins in the distant past, the last century has seen the development and evolution of the animated cartoon.

 Felix the Cat started it all.
The character Felix the Cat launched the animated cartoon tradition in the 1920s. A black-and-white and silent cartoon animation, Felix bears little resemblance to modern-day cartoons. However, he still remains a popular cartoon character among cartoon purists, and his face graces coffee mugs and other merchandise even today.

"My Old Kentucky Home" featured synchronized sound and picture.
The first cartoon to feature synchronized sound and picture was "My Old Kentucky Home" in 1926. Although it might seem pedestrian today, this short and simple attempt at synchronizing sound and picture was revolutionary.

"Steamboat Willie" is the first Disney cartoon.
In 1928, Disney's "Steamboat Willie" popularized animated cartoons with synchronized sound and picture. "Steamboat Willie" introduced Mickey Mouse and ultimately provided Disney's entry into the animation field.

Color cartoons began with Technicolor "Flowers and Trees."
Not resting on its laurels, Disney continued innovating by producing the first of the full- color cartoons in 1932: "Flowers and Trees," in Technicolor. Other animators had produced color cartoons, but Disney was the first to do it with Technicolor technology.

Disney's "Fantasia" introduced new cartoon technology.
Released in 1941, "Fantasia" featured stereophonic sound, multiplane cameras and other movie technology adapted to animated films. Disney's role as an innovator in animation was secured.

The Golden Age of cartoons.
The Golden Age of animation is the period between 1928 and the early 1960s, when hand-drawn animation was at its height. The Golden Age peaked in the late 30s and early 40s, and it included many popular American cartoons. Unfortunately, the Golden Age slowly faded and ended with the creation of direct-to-television cartoons in the 1960s, and the end of the classic cartoons.

The first primetime animated series.
As cartoons grew more popular, some cartoons were directed at family enjoyment and became popular family pastimes. The first primetime animated series was "The Flintstones," and it ran from 1960 to 1966. With themes based on working-class America, this primetime cartoon was clearly targeted as much at parents as kids. It paved the way for the longest-running American primetime animation, "The Simpsons."

Modern cartoons and computer animation.
Modern cartoons are rarely hand-drawn, but they rely on computer animation instead. Because the word "cartoon" implies something that is hand-drawn, critics complain that computer animation can't be properly referred to as a cartoon. With the decline of hand-drawing and the rise of Pixar's computer-animated blockbusters, Americans are seeing a long, slow decline of the American cartoon. While some hand-drawn animated television series are likely to keep the cartoon alive for the near future, cartoons may be slowly fading away. (Appendix 2)

IV. Who makes cartoons.

Traditional animation creators of animated cartoons - who are they? As mentioned earlier, the history of animated cartoons originated in the 19th century. How to create a cartoon, and who creates them? First, the writer is writing the script. It contains the plot and dialogue, and description of the appearance of the characters, and even the landscape in the background. The director then makes a storyboard - drawings in the form of comics. Then he forms a cartoon. After that voice of characters is recorded. It should  coincide with the acting and the characters. Animator  gives life to the characters. His work includes not only the movement of the characters, but also turnings of the head, laughter and tears. Then artists make intermediate movement and work out the details of the characters. Then they colour the characters with the help of the computer . After that animators place the characters in the background and everything is mounted with the help of computer technology. Long-drawn animation and time-consuming process takes several years.

V. Cartoons: pros and cons

1. Learning

A positive effect of cartoons on children is its stimulation of learning. The Education Resources Information Center presented an article by Robert Gill in 2000 called "The Effects of Cartoon Characters as Motivators of Preschool Disadvantaged Children." Gill suggests that cartoons help teachers reach curriculum goals and help preschool age children reach higher levels of learning. Gill's research concluded that using a cartoon character in classroom material stimulates interpersonal behavior, learning and social development in children. Consistent use of the same cartoon character helps children become comfortable to express their feelings and understanding of the subject. Gill states that children who use work material with a cartoon character learn more than children using the same material without the cartoon character.

Violence

A child watches approximately 18,000 hours of television from kindergarten to high school graduation, according to research by psychologist Steve Hossler of Bowling Green State University. Specifically, watching cartoons has a negative effect on the way children view violence. Cartoons often depict violent acts like explosions, gunshots and death. However, these acts of violence occur in extreme situations with no consequences. A child's brain, emotions and sense of pain are negatively affected because they become desensitized to violence. In 2000, the U.S. Surgeon General David Satcher created a report on adolescent violence where he stated that aggressive behavior in young children is caused by frequently watching entertainment with violence in it.

Injury

In 2004, Dr. Ruebert Saturnine III presented an argument on the negative effects of cartoons on children for the Animation World Network, Inc. One of Saturnine's criticisms focused on copycat incidents where children injured themselves by trying to imitate fictional characters. The first case of a cartoon-related lawsuit occurred in 1928, when a small boy, Dickie Johnson, took his family's yacht out on a lake as he tried to replicate a cartoon sea captain. Dickie crashed the boat and his family filed a case against Walt Disney on charges of corrupting a minor. During the trial, Dickie testified and stated, "I thought if a lowly, common mouse could drive a boat, surely I could, too." Saturnine stated that cases of cartoon-related injuries increased steadily each year after the Dickie Johnson incident. Because children are unable to make the distinction between reality and fiction, they cause harm to themselves by imitating what they see in cartoons.

I think parents should pay special attention to the age of the child when they choose what to watch. There are cartoons such as Winnie the Pooh that can be watched and understand by children of all ages. But there are those cartoons whose messages can't be understood by children younger than five, seven or twelve years. The Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles would be loved by most kids of all ages, but a boy of three years does not see their struggle to preserve the world from destruction and evil, or can they understand this kind of conflict. What they would only see and understand are the karate kicks. The solution for this could be a warning at the beginning of each cartoon stating the age of the intended viewers. (Appendix3)

VI. Conclusion

I think that we can’t live without cartoons. There are a lot of different kinds of them in the world. Children often watch cartoons as part of everyday child life. Becoming famous, helping friends and fighting bad people are oftentimes the theme of such television programs. It might be addicting but the reality is, they play a big role in a kid's childhood. Like fairy tales, cartoons would help a lot in making a child understand what is good and what is bad. Letting them understand this would mainly affect a child's attitude as he/she grows up.

Nothing could be more exciting than watching a hero defeat his bad enemies. Many cartoons exemplifies these in TV. Will it be good for a child to watch these? Like reading books about fairytales, watching cartoons somehow give the same benefit to a child. Not only that it gives fun and excitement but also does what's most important - letting a child learn moral values. Parents though, should be sensitive enough to see what's more effective for their children.

I am sure that cartoons are an essential part of our life. What is more, they teach us to be kind and honest. And I think that watching cartoons is a perfect way to spend free time and not to feel bored.  (Appendix4)

VII. List of literature.

1. «Поп-культура» учебное пособие изд-во Титул 2008г.
2. Messages “Animated cartoons"
3. интернет ресурсы:

http://www.alleng.ru/engl-top/709.htm

http://translate.google.com/#ru/en/

http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%ED%E8%E3%E0

http://images.yandex.ru

http://www.native-english.ru/topics/cartoons

Appendix 1

Appendix 2

Appendix3

Appendix 4

Муниципальное автономное общеобразовательное учреждение

«Средняя общеобразовательная школа №27»

Проблемно-реферативная работа

по английскому языку

MOVIE

                                                               Автор работы:

                                                                    Коваль Елена

                                                    ученица 9А класса, МАОУСОШ№27

                                                                    Руководитель:

                                                               Козина Татьяна Владимировна

                                                        учитель английского языка

г. Балаково

2015 год

Муниципальное автономное общеобразовательное учреждение

«Средняя общеобразовательная школа №27»

Проблемно-реферативная работа

по английскому языку

CARTOONS

                                                               Авторы работы:

                                                                    Гуркина А.,

                                                                    Кутнаева А.,

                                                                 Курпач Полина,

                                                                  Чистякова А.                    

                                                    ученицы 5А класса, МАОУСОШ№27

                                                                    Руководитель:

                                                               Козина Татьяна Владимировна

                                                        учитель английского языка

г. Балаково

2015 год

 Cartoons. .. we love them from  our childhood. But what do we know about their history and their creators. That’s why we would like to tell you about them.

The aim of our work is to tell about cartoons and their popularity

Our tasks  were :

to get and analyze information about history of cartoons;

to determine pros and cons of cartoons;

to find out why cartoons are so popular

We’ve studied information, analyzed it and we sure now that cartoons are so popular all over the world so they can’t be harmful for children.

A cartoon  is a full-size drawing made on paper. They were typically used in the production of frescoes. 
         A cartoon is a form of two-dimensional illustrated visual art. While the specific definition has changed over time, modern usage refers to a typically non-realistic or semi-realistic drawing or painting intended for satire, caricature, or humor, or to the artistic style of such works.

          Cartoon history is full of classic moments and beloved cartoon characters. Since ancient times, people have tried to "revive" the drawings. Scientists have found cave paintings, where animals depicted with lots of legs, overlapping each other. The first mention of animation dated the 1st century BC.  They were very similar to the future cartoons. While the history of cartoons have origins in the distant past, the last century has seen the development and evolution of the animated cartoon.

 Felix the Cat started it all.
The character Felix the Cat launched the animated cartoon tradition in the 1920s. It was black-and-white and silent.

The first sound cartoon was "My Old Kentucky Home" in 1926.

In 1928 Disney's "Steamboat Willie" with synchronized sound and picture. introduced Mickey Mouse. Color cartoons began with "Flowers and Trees."
Disney continued innovating by producing the first of the full- color cartoons in 1932: "Flowers and Trees" .Other animators had produced color cartoons, but Disney was the first to do it with Technicolor technology.

Disney's "Fantasia" introduced new cartoon technology in 1941.
The Golden Age of animation is the period between 1928 and the early 1960s, when hand-drawn animation was at its height. Unfortunately, the Golden Age slowly faded and ended with the creation of direct-to-television cartoons in the 1960s

As cartoons grew more popular, some cartoons were directed at family enjoyment and became popular family pastimes.

Modern cartoons are rarely hand-drawn, but they rely on computer animation instead.

IV. Who makes cartoons.

As mentioned earlier, the history of animated cartoons originated in the 19th century. How to create a cartoon, and who creates them? First, the writer is writing the script. It contains the plot and dialogue, and description of the appearance of the characters, and even the landscape in the background. The director then makes a storyboard - drawings in the form of comics. Then he forms a cartoon. After that voice of characters is recorded. It should  coincide with the acting and the characters. Animator  gives life to the characters. His work includes not only the movement of the characters, but also turnings of the head, laughter and tears. Then artists make intermediate movement and work out the details of the characters. Then they colour the characters with the help of the computer . After that animators place the characters in the background and everything is mounted with the help of computer technology. Long-drawn animation and time-consuming process takes several years.

V. Cartoons: pros and cons

A positive effect of cartoons on children is its stimulation of learning. Сartoons help teachers reach curriculum goals and help preschool age children reach higher levels of learning. Using of the same cartoon character helps children become comfortable to express their feelings and understanding of the subject. Children who use work material with a cartoon character learn more than children using the same material without the cartoon character.

           But watching cartoons has a negative effect on children too.

A child watches 18,000 hours of television from kindergarten to high school graduation., Cartoons often depict violent acts like explosions, gunshots and death. However, these acts of violence occur in extreme situations with no consequences.

Because children are unable to make the distinction between reality and fiction, they cause harm to themselves by imitating what they see in cartoons.

I think parents should pay special attention to the age of the child when they choose what to watch. There are cartoons such as Winnie the Pooh that can be watched and understand by children of all ages. But there are those cartoons whose messages can't be understood by children younger than five, seven or twelve years.

V. Conclusion

I think that we can’t live without cartoons. There are a lot of different kinds of them in the world. Children often watch cartoons as part of everyday child life. They play a big role in a kid's childhood. Like fairy tales, cartoons would help a lot in making a child understand what is good and what is bad. Like reading books about fairytales, watching cartoons somehow give the same benefit to a child. Not only that it gives fun and excitement but also does what's most important - letting a child learn moral values. Parents though, should be very attentive to see what's more effective for their children.

I am sure that cartoons are an essential part of our life. What is more, they teach us to be kind and honest. And I think that watching cartoons is a perfect way to spend free time and not to feel bored.