Introduction.....................................................................................................3

Chapter 1. Types of swimming.......................................................................5

1.1. Typical mistakes during swimming........................................................7

1.2. Conclusions Chapter 1............................ ...............................................13

Chapter 2. The influence of swimming on human health ..........................14

2.1. The results of the survey in 6 "G" class....................... .......................16

2.2. Leaflet about the benefits of swimming.................................................19

2.3. Conclusions Chapter 2.............................................................................20

Conclusion........................................................................................................21

Bibliography....................................................................................................22

Introduction

The choice of the topic

I love to go swimming and learn English. So I decided to combine these two topics.

The research problem

In my work I would like to find out which swimmers have an occupational disease, how to deal with them and Vice versa to boost your immune system. There are people for whom swimming is contraindicated.

I want to clarify for myself the moment when health swimming turns into harming their health? I hope other people learned of my report will not allow common mistakes in swimming.

In modern conditions is particularly relevant the problem of increasing the effectiveness of the sports schools. The decline in budgetary funds for the development of sport, reducing the number of sports schools and the transfer of financial costs for parents, make physical education inaccessible for a large part of the population. However, the analysis of the work of coach in swimming, given by different authors in different years, revealed a high turnover and attrition of contingent, low percentage of output of skilled athletes who have completed a full cycle of training and sports training. And, as you know, attrition is one measure of the quality of organization of the system of physical training and serves as a criterion of the low effectiveness of the sports schools .

The aim of the work: to learn about the benefits of swimming

The tasks are :

• Calculate what kind of sailing to do easier

• Define the attitude to sail in 6 "G" class.

• Make the leaflet about the benefits of swimming.

Object of research are the types of swimming, and the subject of research is the impact of swimming on health the average person and athlete.

Research methods: survey (a survey in my class), scientific-methodical literature analysis.

Chapter 1. Types of swimming

Swimming is one of the most popular sports. It includes six disciplines — freestyle, breaststroke, backstroke, butterfly, individual medley and relays.

Sports ways of swimming (left to right): front crawl backstroke, breaststroke, butterfly, freestyle

Swimming sports was included in the program of the First Olympic games in 1896 held in Athens. Then was provided with the following distances: 100 meters, 500 meters, 1200 meters freestyle and 100 meters for sailors.

Game swimming is the use of all sorts of mobile games in the water environment. Games are big emotions, increase activity, develop coordination, foster a sense of community and the emergence of initiatives. A variety of games and entertainment are widely used in recreational camps and at water festivals. One of those games - water Polo became an Olympic sport .

Water Polo is a team sport played with a ball on the water, the goal – as much as possible the number of times to throw the ball into the opponent and do not miss the ball into his own net.

Sport diving is one of the most spectacular competitions in water sports. Athletes jump from a springboard or platform, performing during a jump, acrobatic action (screws, momentum, rotation). Jumps are single and simultaneous pair.

Figure (artistic, synchronized) swimming is a combination of various movements, including elements of dance, acrobatic and gymnastic combinations. Can be performed individually (solo), doubles and groups. Synchronized swimming is one of the most beautiful sports.

Applied swimming - the ability of a person to float in water (that is, to possess skill of sailing) and produce the water vital actions and events.

Swimming recreation - use characteristics of swimming movements and finding the body in water for therapeutic, preventive, restorative, restorative, hygiene, training etc. purposes.

1.1. Typical mistakes during swimming

Technique swimming breaststroke. The five most common mistakes

1. Excessive stroke behind the shoulders is one of the gross Mistakes while swimming breaststroke. Increased stroke hands creates a situation where the hands are too far behind, passing through the shoulders.

2. Too late breath. When your body rises to take a breath, your head is above water. At this point you use the hands as support in water. A common mistake in this case is the breath when the hands are in the shoulder area, or even worse, already close to her chest. When this happens, the head is still above water, but the support is already there, so as the arms finish the stroke. At such moments the swimmer feels that sinking in the moment of a breath. So next time when you swim breaststroke, pay attention to the beginning of the inhalation. The breath should begin in the moment when you start the stroke with your hands.

3. Pause in the middle of the cycle. The main body position in swimming technique breaststroke — directly under the water surface. Your hips should move very close to the surface. This situation is hard to keep at the completion of the stroke, when the swimmer is ready to pull the hands forward (back of hand). At the moment (when your palms are beside your chest), the center of gravity shifted and my hips start to sink. Many swimmers make the mistake of pausing at a time when the hands are near the chest. With proper swimming techniques, breaststroke, should be the opposite. There should be no pause, the hands should accelerate to throw forward together with the whole upper part of the body.

4. Head movement is movement of the body is a very common Mistake, occurring in 90% of swimmers. Contrary to conventional wisdom in the art of swimming breaststroke neck movement are absent (or minimal).

5. Ineffective leg kicks. Breaststroke swimmers always push the water backward to move forward.Техника плавания кролем. Работа над ошибками^[1]

Breathing and head position

Mistake 1

The head rises up and only then turns to the side to breath.

How

The head should not lift up. It only rotates around the axis of the spine. The temple during a breath against the water.

Mistake 2

Too high a head position in the water.

How

Head is single straight line with the body, eyes looking down and slightly forward.

The position of the body

Mistake 3

The lack of body rotation.

How

The body along the entire length, exactly on the same line significantly rotates on its side following the movement of the hands from side to side. Swimming flat without rotation of the body is not effective.

Mistake 4

Socks are not drawn.

How

Socks drawn, as this will allow the ankle joints. This is a very important nuance of the technique of legs in the front crawl, backstroke and Dolphin. For example, if you swim front crawl with just one feet, it is not drawn socks will not only slow you down but can help to ensure that You are not going forward but backward.

Mistake 5

Strong flexion of the legs in the knee joint.

How

Movement of the leg is from the hip like a whip. Strong flexion of the legs in the knee joint, will lead to the disappearance of the pelvis and the loss of the aerodynamics of the body.

Mistake 6

Leg is working too deep in the water column or fly out of the water.

How

To find the optimal position and amplitude of leg work. The amplitude is not too big and not too small. The feet should not thresh the air or run too deep.

Hand entry into the water

Mistake 7

Too close hand entry into the water right in front of the head (from the side the impression that a swimmer, like a mole, digging under him), or too far to the entrance of the hand input (hand almost straight slaps on the water).

How to do

Hand entry in the entry immediately before head. Arm is NOT fully extended, but not too bent at the elbow.

Mistake 8

The hand enters the water at shoulder width, and climbs on the axis of the spine or on the contrary, falls into the water too wide.

How to do

Hand entry into the water is at shoulder width, wider or narrow input the input will lead to destabilization of the body in water and shortening of the stroke.

Mistake 9

Wrong position of the brush when entering the water.

How to do

 Entry into the water the brush is at an acute angle without splashing and slapping — like a knife cuts butter. The palm comes with a small bias in the direction of the thumb. It is important to keep one line from the hand to the forearm.

Mistake 10

A falling elbow.

How to do

 The beginning of the stroke in all methods of navigation is carried out with a high elbow position. The swimmer should grab the water, is a starting position for the start of repulsion itself from the water in the forward direction (not up). With a low elbow repulsion is not so much ago how much down. Besides the fact that such a stroke is less moving forward, it also introduces additional imbalance, which further reduces the speed.

Bringing a hand above the water

Mistake 11

Video sweeps the hand across the face.

How to do

 Carry over the water to perform better with the hand bent at the elbow as this will enable flexibility in the joints. Bringing straight arms leads to the destabilization of the body and unnecessary stress.

Coordination of movements

Mistake 12

Hand finished bringing long glides ahead in the water, this hands almost meet, it turns out a catch-up stroke.

How to do

Hand jobs are carried out alternately. Because of the strong falling of speed as a result of "hanging" the front of the hands, swimming with the catch-up stroke is not effective, so you will not find among the swimmers of high class of the adherents of this swimming technique.

Common mistakes in butterfly swimming

Mistake when inserting hands into the water, fall through the elbows during the execution of the pull and repulsion, short stroke, high position of the head and shoulder during carry on, the excessive flexion of the knees during the backswing feet before impact, leaving the water in the feet and legs during the backswing, a violation of coordination of movements. 

1.2. Conclusions Chapter 1

Men and women involved in recreational diving in 40-50-year-olds and older ages (a swim you can begin in the 60-70 years), swimming "rule of health" may elect shorter than 1,000 m, distance: 51-60 years — 750-800 m; 61-70 — 500-600 m; e 71 — 75 — 400-500 m; 76 and above 300-400 m. These floating they should only be performed in a uniform and absolutely quiet pace, without jerks and accelerations. For this category of swimmers allowed a short rest of 1-2 minutes after overcoming a lap 100-200 meters Wellness distance swimming is mastered at once, but gradually, in two stages. In the first studied (for those who can not swim) or improved (for floating "homegrown" ways) technique of swimming the crawl, breaststroke or close to one of them method of swimming.

In the second phase strengthened the overall endurance of the body and develop the ability to overcome non-stop the entire Wellness distance. If you have free time you can do every day, and healthy men and women younger than 50 years — even 2-3 times a week 2 times a day. Each lesson swimming start with a 8-10 minute warm up on the beach, including exercises such as charging and 2-3 exercises that mimic the movements of a swimmer that is bad to be in the water. After sailing for 4-5 minutes perform several soothing movements on land and finish the training session with a calm walk. Classes in the water are carried out according to the principle of gradual and consistent increase in the total volume of navigation and increase the length of continuously overcome the distance.

Chapter 2. The influence of swimming on human health

Swimming positively affects the Central nervous system, normalizing its activities, to eliminate excessive excitability and irritability.

Swimming is one of the most effective means of hardening of a person, contributing to the formation of resistant hygienic habits. Swimming well coached activity of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. People regularly engaged in swimming, increases the value of the stroke volume of the heart, the frequency of muscle contraction alone is reduced from 60 to 55 beats per minute. Swimming strengthens the nervous system, improves sleep, appetite and are often recommended by physicians as a therapeutic agent. Swimming lessons are widely used in physical therapy and medicine for metabolic disorders, cardio-pulmonary failure, the con-tours of the musculoskeletal system. Regular classes support the physical fitness in adults, increase vitality. This is confirmed by the observation of the physical condition involved in groups health, where among other types of exercise is used freely.

Swimming is recommended as a treatment for a variety of curvatures of the spine, posture defects, degenerative joint diseases, diseases of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, obesity, nervousness, for recovery after surgeries and injuries. The Wellness swimming can be used a variety of methods of navigation (such as sports, and original), aerobics and specific exercises in water, the elements of the game diving.

Let us denote all the positive aspects of swimming of swimming crawl: What are the positive aspects of the style of swimming crawl .

Improves health in General, promotes training of the respiratory system (since it is an aerobic sport), so that the blood faster and better oxygenated. This style is available even to those who never played sports. It is possible to train even being pregnant. Shown people who have back problems, bad knees. The water is perfectly relieves stress and tension, improves mood. During swimming increases blood flow, thus, eliminates congestion in the bloodstream and normalize blood pressure. Exercise can improve the body's endurance to physical exercise without injury and unwanted consequences, because the water reduces the load on the spine. A great way to lose weight. Any movement that takes place in the water, needs big efforts and to commit requires more energy than usual. Thus, intensive and regular swimming can help to get rid of extra pounds. During this kind of swimming involves almost all muscle groups of our body. However, most amenable to training triceps arms, abdominals, latissimus dorsi, and intercostal muscles. Without attention do not remain the muscles of the legs and hips. A great workout to strengthen the joints, they become more flexible. Water also has a positive effect on the skin (it acts similar to normal massage) — its appearance improves.

2.1. The results of the survey in the 6th  "G" class

In my class I learned, after consulting with the teacher of physical education the extent to which the indicators of physical development in children after swimming.

My classmates realize that the level of health depends on the development of physical qualities. It should be noted that the increase in results is due to their involvement in the independent forms of study.

I created a thematic group dedicated to swimming: https://vk.com/club142656707

 In which, I have conducted various surveys.

In the first survey involved 5 people, 4 of them would agree to go to the pool even at 6 am.

In the second survey participated 9 people, including 5 people chose the style of breaststroke, the second place was the front crawl.

In the third survey was desired arbitrary response, 2 people can hold their breath for 30 and 10 seconds respectively.

2.2. Leaflet about the benefits of swimming

2.3. Conclusions Chapter 2

Swimming. How important it is to be able to swim – known to everyone. But swimming has not only utilitarian value. There are a large number of professions related to work in the water and on the water: sailors and rivermen, divers, wood rafters, geologists, builders of bridges, the researchers of the sea depths, the oil producers on the coastal shelf, hydrologists, fishermen, rescuers, etc. For these professionals the ability to swim is an integral part of training.

Analyzing the data of dropout students of sports schools in swimming, V. S. Shichanin have identified many causes of termination of employment of young athletes. By origin reasons for dropout could be organizational, methodological and socio-psychological nature. The first group will include the reasons for, or otherwise associated with the violation of the principles of organization of educational-training process. These include difficulty performing sport mode and combining sports with studies; the lack of growth of sporting achievements and indicators of athletic training; violation of health and strain of the heart muscle; the monotony of the training process and expressed the fatigue, the transition to another coach or care in another sport.

The second group includes the causes of dropout of socio-psychological nature. They can be a result of lack of interest of students in sports, stronger passions of another, violation of the relationship with the coach, lack of support and negative attitude of relatives, friends and comrades. To this group the reasons for the athletes of the school include a desire to purchase in the future a prestigious profession that requires additional studies and is not associated with sports, loss of interest in training because of the lack of long-term goals. In fact, the vast majority of reasons for termination of children sporting activities due to the violations of methodological principles of long-term preparation, usually caused by the use of the training effects from the Arsenal by older skilled athletes.

Among the common violations of methodological principles include the mismatch of the training loads, methods of conducting classes to the age peculiarities and level of preparedness of the student. This includes the crossing of basic training by selecting a specialization, the use of a limited range of means and methods of physical, technical, and swimming training, the lack of consideration of individual characteristics and rehabilitation measures, participation in competitions in a morbid state, or immediately after the illness and much more.

Special attention in the process of physical education experts assign the role of emotions. Performing physical exercises can be in children source of various emotions. Accordingly, the effectiveness of the exercise depends largely on the characteristics of the flow of the emotional state of the student. Positive emotions – joy, excitement, delight, pleasure, and exultation increase activity, increase efficiency, and help reduce fatigue. Negative emotions – sadness, and fear, on the contrary, a negative influence on the higher nervous activity, dramatically reducing the performance and mood of a person. Therefore, emotions in sport are considered as one of the parties of the formation of motivation and a means of mental control activities engaged in.

Conclusion

Studies have shown that the performance of large volumes of jobs children is not justified, because they do not cause the desired physiological changes to the morphological and functional development of the heart, lungs and vessels of blood. Note that the long duration long-term training in swimming at the early start of classes also leads to increased dropout.

Significantly affects the dropout indicators such as attendance. The quality and pace of learning, amount of completed jobs are dependent on attendance of training sessions. The presence of repeated absenteeism is largely the reason for the backlog of young athletes from their peers in terms of General and special preparedness. As a result of frequent absenteeism occurs behind the group develops a sense of insecurity in their ability and discomfort. All this therefore reduces the interest in sports and leads to the inevitable attrition.

The attendance of children at the initial stage of sports largely depends on the engagement levels of students and interest of their parents in the training process. The research of T. G. Lagunavicius, O. G. Efimova shown that younger children instability, spontaneity motivational installations require a separate pedagogical work to consolidate and strengthen their interest in swimming.

Bibliography

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7.Источникhttp://www.davajpohudeem.com/uprazhneniya/zal/plavanie/texnika-krolem.html

8. Source: http://mediinfa.ru/article/health/doza-plavanija