THE FIRST RUSSIAN WOMAN-SCIENTIST

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THE FIRST RUSSIAN WOMAN-SCIENTIST Автор Абирова Сания, группа НРТ-13-(9)-1, ТюмГНГУ, Нефтегазовый колледж им. Ю.Г.Эрвье Руководитель Макаров А.Д. Тюмень, 2016

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The great Russian mathematician Sophia Kovalevskaya lived and worked in the second half of the 19th century. It was the period of Russia’s progress in science and culture. It was the time when Lobachevsky created a new non-Euclidean geometry and Chebyshev organized a new school of mathematicians.

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Sophia was born in Moscow on February 15, 1850 in a well-off family but spent her childhood in a village. Her father, a well-educated person himself, gave a good education to his children. Being eight, Sophia was taught arithmetic, grammar, literature, geography and history by an experienced teacher.

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In 1867 Sophia wanted to continue her studies in St. Petersburg, where her family spent winters. But it was impossible for a woman to attend lectures at the University. Even Chebyshev who at that time headed the Russian mathematical school had no right to allow her to attend his own lectures.

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The only way out for her was to go abroad, but in this case there was a condition that the woman should be married. Sophia married Vladimir Kovalevsky and soon left Russia.

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Studying at Heidelberg University, Sophia attended lectures and did a lot of research and practical work, in 1871 the Kovalevskya went to Berlin. During four years in Berlin Sophia wrote her dissertations. In 1874 Hettingen University awarded her the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Having returned to Russia, she vainly tried to get a post at St. Petersburg University.

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In 1883 she accepted the offer of Stockholm University and was elected professor of mechanics and was at this post until her death in 1891 . In 1889 she was elected a Corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences.