Исследовательская работа "Moral Values in the Harry Potter novel by J.K. Rowling

IX городская научно-практическая конференция

имени К.Д. Ушинского

Секция: иностранный язык

Исследовательская работа

Moral Values

In The “Harry Potter” Novel by J.K. Rowling

Муртазина Валерия
школа №175, 9 класс

Научный руководитель:
учитель английского языка

Гараева Д.Б.

Казань 2016  

                                                Contents

         Introduction ………………………………………………………………....3

Chapter 1 The Theme of Tolerance in the Novel……………………………5

Chapter 2 The Theme of Friendship and Comradeship in the Novel……….9

Chapter 3 The Theme of Family and Family Values in the Novel…………13

Out-of-class Activity “Friendship Lesson by Harry Potter”…………...……16

Conclusion    ………………………………………………………………...20

Bibliography…………………….………………………………………….. 22

Appendix 1………….……………………………………………………….23

Appendix 2………….……………………………………………………….24

                                             Introduction

Whenever people hear the name of Johanne Rowling’s novel “Harry Potter”, most of them think of the world-famous fantasy film, others think of the series of books about a boy with a magic wound, but very few have got in their minds the idea of a story, raising very urgent social problems.

It is out of question, that every children’s book has some moral, some mission. For example, our favourite “Little Red Riding Hood” and “The Kolobok”, preventing their small readers from talking to strangers. Moreover, “The Hulliver’s Travels” by Jonathan Swift has got really important ideas inside, criticizing our society.

Contemporary literature continues this educating mission. The book which has made such a great impact on me is Harry Potter. I first got acquainted with it several years ago when I saw the first film of Harry “Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone”. Then I got interested and started reading books by Rowling. But only now I’m really able to see the author’s ideas and messages. Reading the books of the series, I started making associations with the identical current events in the world and just around me. That means the problems raised in the book are urgent for our time, for our reality. That makes our research quite urgent.

One of the main functions of the novel is the moral upbringing. Thus, through books and their entertaining plot children realize what is good and what is bad. In “Harry Potter” there is a number of topics, such as class struggle and tolerance, family and friendship, war and terrorism.

In fact, the key topic here is the morality. I consider there are quite many moral messages in Rowling’s books. She sends them to the young reader through the characters’ relations: that is the relations of peers, adults and children, through personal choice and reflections of the characters.

We consider that the author’s messages can really impact on a teen’s moral self-consciousness, ideas and values. So, we would like to use the popularity of the “Harry Potter” series and attract the society’s attention to its educating function. Thus, we suppose our work will be really useful.

The purpose of the research:

Examine the main moral categories in the novel and interpret the author’s moral message.

Tasks:

1. consider the theme of tolerance;
2. analyze the theme of friendship and partnership;
3. consider the theme of family;

4. make up and teach an extracurricular class “The Lessons of Morality by Harry Potter”;

5. identify the moral ideas of the novel.

The object of the research: morality in the “Harry Potter” novel.

The subject of the research: the moral message of the author.

Methods of investigation: the literature and Mass Media review, analysis, experiment.

Chapter 1

The Theme of Tolerance in the Novel

“Harry Potter” is a book about magic and wizardry. The plot of the whole series tells us about the magic world full of puzzles and mysteries. With every new book the readers and reviewers admitted Rowling’s gift of the tale-teller. But they managed to see the deep character of book’s mysteries: «… the world of flying broomsticks is delightful, the Harry Potter books are, at heart, satisfyingly shrewd mystery tales” [10].

This magic world is so deep, mysterious, that there are really deep themes there. Rowling herself considered the theme of tolerance to be the key theme in her novel: «I regard my novels as a prolonged argument for tolerance.” [9]

Actually, the whole Harry Potter series is an example of intolerant relations and conflict between different social groups. We would like to identify two lines of problem social relationship in the novel.

The first line is the relations between the local castes. In our real world castes are divided into superior castes and inferior castes where superior castes oppress the inferior ones. In the novel the castes system looks like this. There are the Pure-bloods, the Muggles, the Muggle-borns and the Squibs.

The Pure-bloods are a privileged group. A Pure-blood has magical abilities which pass from one generation to another.

The Muggles are ordinary people having no witchcraft gift at all.

The Muggle-borns (“Mud-Blood”) have some gift of wizardry but their parents are ordinary people, that is the Muggles.

The Squibs are born in a wizards’ family but for some reason are not able to do magic.

The matter of the social conflict in the magical world is the privileged position of the Pure-bloods over the others. The striking example here is the Malfoys family. They consider all the non Pure-bloods to be inferior towards them. These ideas pass to the next generation as well. So, Malfoy junior displays his neglect to the Muggle-borns: «No one asked your opinion, you filthy little Mudblood. » [2, chapter 7]; “But don't touch my hand, now. I've just washed it, you see; don't want a Mudblood sliming it up. » [4, chapter 18]

The Malfoys are also in a conflict with another Pure-blood family, the Weasleys. The matter of the conflict is the difference in their viewpoints. The Malfoys hate the Weasleys for their kind relations with the Muggles, while the Weasleys dislike the Malfoys for their arrogant and snobbish attitude to other people: «Arthur Weasley loves Muggles so much he should snap his wand in half and go and join them, said Malfoy scornfully. You'd never know the Weasleys were pure-bloods, the way they behave. » [2, chapter 12]

There is also one more caste in the wizardry world. They are the Squibs. Everyone feels pity for them, not only the Pure-bloods but the Muggle-borns, too. They have a wizard origin but they are not able to do magic. That makes them feel a kind of disabled people. Such an example is a school caretaker and hall monitor Argus Filch. « He knows I'm a—I'm a—» Filch's face worked horribly. «He knows I'm a Squib! »  [2, chapter 9]

The reviewers see the social inequality in the book is the reflection of the same processes in the real world. They speak about terrorism, migrants and racism: “Rowling subtly critiques, yet ultimately hews to, a fantasy script dependent on stereotypes culled from real-life racism”. [10]

The theme of tolerance is also observed through the class system in the novel. These are social classes. The class membership is not given from birth but determined by your social mobility or activity. It depends on your wealth. The wealthier ones have more privileges. For example, while some pupils at Hogwarts are allowed to use an owl in their magic tricks, the others have to do them with rats.

In the last books of the series we can see that the new generations of these classes get into a new phase of relationship. After so many years of struggle between their fathers, the children choose another way – not to contact with each other at all. Thus, it seems they get to peace and calm. But it is an imaginary peace, not true one. “ Draco caught the sight of Harry, Ron, Hermione, and Ginny staring at him, nodded curtly, and turned away again”. [3, chapter 37]

The “Harry Potter” book can certainly educate children all over the world and build up a different attitude to “strangers’. That was experimentally proved by the research group of the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia in Italy. They carried out the research on the “Harry Potter’s” impact. They found out that book builds up a positive attitude towards migrants: “… attitudes toward immigrants were found to be significantly improved in children who’d read passages dealing with prejudice. The attitudes of those who’d read neutral passages hadn’t changed”. [13]

It is really important for the reader to catch the main character’s viewpoint and his attitude to the problem. So, we see that to Harry it doesn’t matter if somebody is wealthy or poor. What is really important to him, is the person’s moral qualities, his relations with others, his acts. His friends, for example, are so different. Actually, they all belong to different castes. But they respect each other and come over the prejudices and stereotypes.

To summarize, when speaking of tolerance in the novel, we managed to identify the following moral message by the author: everyone is to make his own choice of tolerant or intolerant relationship with other people. One may choose one of the types of relationship:

1. complete non-acceptance, dislike, permanent conflict, struggle, problems – these are unhealthy social relations (total intolerance);
2. isolation: one lives inside his own group following its own laws ignoring others; no enemies and no friends – these are unhealthy  relations again (false tolerance);
3.  open attitude to people; following the proverb  “When in Rome, do as the Romans do”;  judging people by their qualities and acts – these are healthy social relationship (tolerance).

So, whenever and wherever people live, whether it is a real world or imaginary, there will always be some particular social classes and “strangers”. It’s just up to everyone to build up healthy tolerant relations with others, to make a right choice. And Rowling’s book may certainly help a child to make one’s choice.

                                                   Chapter 2

The Theme of Friendship and Partnership in the Novel

The main characters of “Harry Potter” are teenagers. Their relations and friendship is an object of our keen observation. The theme of friendship involves most of the main character’s emotions and feelings. At Hogwarts Harry finds his true friends Ron and Hermione who go together through all the adventures of the book.

Each of the friends brings something into their relations and has got some particular role there. So, Harry is a leader and authority who arranges their adventures and everyone trusts and follows him. Ron has got the role of a joker and a merry fellow. He is the only one of them who was brought up in a wizard family, so, his mission is to tell friends more about the witchcraft and uncover the secrets of the wizard world. What about Hermione, she is the brains of their band. So many times her smart mind helps them to find a way out in hard situations and troubles. Hermione is strong and stubborn but she loves and respects her friends, being ready to support them in hardship: «Books! And cleverness! There are more important things – friendship and bravery and – oh, Harry, be careful!” [8, chapter 16]

The teenagers are interesting for each other. They find something attractive in each other because each of them is an individual. Ron implies everything Harry has dreamed about: a big friendly family, beloved son and brother, good at witchcraft. On the other hand, Ron appreciates Harry’s personality, his sincere feelings and emotions. Though the boys have got different characters, they manage to achieve the mutual understanding immediately.

What brings them together? What do they have in common? We think these are their moral qualities. The teens, especially Harry, are in good relations with everyone who has particular moral qualities: bravery, kindness, devotion to friend and to your own ideas.

Thanks to their moral qualities, the friends are ready for any brave deed for the friend together or alone. The first example can be found in the very first book. When Harry and Ron meet Hermione for the first time, they don’t like her at all. She looks arrogant, one who thinks the world of herself: «Ron was in a very bad mood by the end of the class… It's no wonder no one can stand her, » he said to Harry as they pushed their way into the crowded corridor, “she's a nightmare, honestly». [8, chapter 10] But soon after that the boys save Hermione from the troll, ask for sorry and become best friends. So, we can see here that friendship makes the friends better (It is especially hard to do when you are surrounded by the evil.). And it is a good example for young readers.

But the most striking moment of friends’ devotion happens in the last book where Ron saves Harry’s life: “… Harry stared at Ron, half expecting him to have disappeared every time he lost sight of him, and yet he had to be real: He had just dived into the pool, he had saved Harry’s life. [3, chapter 19]

The magic world like a real one has always tested the children’s friendship.

Envy and misunderstanding could destroy their friendship forever. It happens when Harry becomes the forth competitor at the Triwizard Tournament. Ron thinks Harry takes part in the tournament because of his vanity ideas while Harry has never liked his popularity. The friend’s attitude hurts Harry much. For some time the boys stop communicating. But the friendship proved true: Ron admits his fault, and the teens are friends again.

The three teenagers usually try to be together and get through all the adventures together. Evidently they realize they are stronger and happier when they are together. They really realize the value of friendship though they are just twelve.  Harry addresses to Voldemort: “You will never know love or friendship. And I feel sorry for you.”

Besides the theme of friendship J. K. Rowling raises the theme of partnership or comradeship when the characters are not friends but become allies for some common goal.

One of the examples of partnership in the novel is the Order of the Phoenix. The members of the Order are people of various social classes: the Aurors (police), the Ministry members and ordinary people. All of them have one common goal – the Defence Against the Dark Arts.

One more example of partnership in the novel is the Dumbledore’s Army. This is the union of Hogwarts students. Their goal is to be ready to defend themselves in a situation of danger. The founder and the leader of the Army is Harry Potter. And again we clearly see here the idea of partnership’s benefits. Dumbledore inspires the Army: “We are only as strong as we are united, as weak we are divided …we can fight it only by showing an equally strong bond of friendship and trust.”

 The psychology of teens relations in the novel is depicted very correctly and true-to-life. The Russian psychologist R. S. Nemov asserts: “Friendly relations are on the first place for teens. The atmosphere of these relations is based on “the friendship code” [1,chapter 12], which includes respect for the peer’s personality, equality, devotion, honesty, helpfulness. What is disapproved in teens’ relations? That is selfishness, greed, betrayal, arrogance and disrespect to others. Just like this it goes on in the novel.

To our mind, when speaking of the friendship theme, the moral message by Rowling is the following: friendship makes you better and stronger. According to the novel, the “friendship code” could look like a number of rules or laws:

1. judge your friend by his moral qualities and acts;
2. appreciate and respect the individuality of your friend;
3. bring something in your friendship;
4. do not suppose yourself to be superior to your friend;
5. be ready to defend your friend;
6. do not betray your friend;
7. do not envy your friend and  etc.

Well, we are sure that books should help teens to make up their own code, to be a good friend and a member of society in future. The “Harry Potter” novel will certainly do it.

                                                        Chapter 3

The Theme of Family Values in the Novel

J. K. Rowling, being a mother, knows that the value of family is to be brought into child’s mind since his early years. In her novel the writer lets the reader make up his own reflections and conclusions about the image of a loving family and offers to our attention several images of family in the novel. They imply different styles of family relations. We will speak about three families. They are the Dursleys, the Weasleys and the Malfoys.

The family we meet on the very first pages of the novel is the Dursley family, where Harry lives. These are his uncle, aunt and cousin. This is just an ordinary family (Vernon Dursley, a director of the drill manufacturing company, Petunia Dursley, a typical British housewife, Dudley Dursley, an average spoilt teen). The family seems to have a boring way of life. The problem of this family is their total ignorance in a child’s upbringing. The parents are blind in their love to the son. They let him too much, do not explain what is wrong and what is right and indulge  Dudley’s caprices. He knows he will never be punished whatever he does: «They stuff people's heads down the toilet the first day at Stonewall, » he told Harry. «Want to come upstairs and practice? » [8, chapter 3]Generally, there is no moral education in the Dursley family at all. As a result of such parents’ “blind love”, Dudley grows up an arrogant, mean and wicked man.

These people don’t manage to build up warm relations with Harry and become a family for him. Harry feels very unhappy in this family as nobody loves him here: «The Dursleys often spoke about Harry like this, as though he wasn't there — or rather, as though he was something very nasty that couldn't understand them, like a slug». [8, chapter 2] Everyone in the family tries to offend a little boy: «I'm warning you, » he had said, putting his large purple face right up close to Harry's, «I'm warning you now, boy — any funny business, anything at all—and you'll be in that cupboard from now until Christmas.» [8, chapter 2]

One more bad example of family relations is the Malfoy family. Malfoy is a wealthy pure-blood wizarding family. They have one child only who imitates the parents’ arrogant manners. In spite of their wealth, the family can’t be called happy. The Malfoy seniors are extremely busy and do not spend free time with the son. There’s no room for warm talks and just family joy and comfort here.

So, actually, the Dursleys and the Malfoys are the families of different castes and social classes but they are very alike in their ignorant style of family relationship.    

Harry finds love and joy in the friend’s family. It is the Weasleys family. They are absolutely opposite to the Dursleys, and everything is different here as though Rowling has made them so different deliberately. So, the family is rather big. There are seven children in the Weasley family. That makes their life more complicated, on the one hand, but very friendly, on the other. All the children have their duties and help the youngers. That is the moral upbringing in a family.

Harry comes to the Weasleys like into his own family. He knows he is really loved and cared about here: “Mrs. Weasley now came galloping into view, her handbag swinging wildly in one hand, Ginny just clinging onto the other… Oh, Harry—oh, my dear—you could have been anywhere». [2, chapter 4]

That’s why Harry spends much time at the Weasleys’: he celebrates Christmas with them, stays here on summer holidays, get presents from the members of the family: «My mom. I told her you didn't expect any presents and—oh, no, » he groaned, «she's made you a Weasley sweater… Harry had torn open the parcel to find a thick, hand-knitted sweater in emerald green and a large box of homemade fudge”. [8, chapter 12]

Different families, different social classes and social relations are depicted in the book. Looking at them the reader builds up the idea of true values in his conscious. And again Harry’s choice is very important for us. The family he likes to be with is the model family. You may have little money in your family but be happy together with your close people; and, on the contrary, having money, do not forget about the value of family.

  To summarize, we would like to interpret the moral message of the author to young readers and their parents like this: a happy friendly family is the most important thing for a child. According to our analysis of the novel, healthy family relations should be based on the following rules/laws:

1. the child feels good there where he is listened to, heard, loved and respected;
2. overwhelming love and care is harmful for a child;
3. moral and mental education and upbringing is a basis of a moral personality;
4. the child should be given particular duties in the family;
5. children shouldn’t answer for the parents and their faults and etc.

We consider the teen reading “Harry Potter” will unconsciously compare the family relations in the book with his family. And we really hope he will see that his family is not like the Malfoys or the Dursleys; he will learn to appreciate his own parents. We also hope that the value of warm hearty relations will get into his mind forever and he will be building up the same relations in his own family like did it Harry, Hermione and Ron when they had grown up.

Out-of-class Activity

Friendship Lesson by Harry Potter

Thinking over the practical part of the research, we’ve decided to prove our idea of the book’s moral impact on children. We’ve chosen the most significant value for teenagers. It is friendship. For this, we have picked up one of the episodes illustrating the value of friendship and discussed it with pupils.

Aim: motivate pupils to build up friendly relations with each other

Tasks:

1. Speak on and discuss the “Harry Potter” books;
2. Discuss the theme of friendship in the novel;
3. Discuss what friendship is and friendship rules.

Lesson

• Teacher: Good afternoon, boys and girls. I’m glad to see you.
• Today we will talk about a very popular boy. Listen and say his name.

He is from Britain. He has got 2 best friends. He can do magic.

Pupils: It’s Harry Potter.

T: Right. Look, today we speak about Harry Potter and his friends.

• Pupils, did you watch the “Harry Potter” films? How many pupils watched the films?
• Great. I like Harry Potter, too. I read some “Harry Potter” books. Did you read the “Harry Potter books? How many pupils read the books?
• Do you know “Harry Potter” well? Let’s see. Listen and answer my questions.

Questionnaire:

1. Who wrote “Harry Potter”?
2. How many films are there? And how many books?
3. Translate the titles of the books.

Eg. «Harry Potter and the Prizoner of Azkaban». – «Гарри Поттер и узник Азкабаны»….

4. Where does Harry live?
5. Where does Harry study?
6. Say the names of Harry’s friends.
7. What can Harry do well?

T: Very good, pupils. You watched films, you read books. But did you read “Harry Potter” in English? … I read one book in English.

• Now you will read “Harry Potter” in English.

(Pupils read the extract one by one.)

Happy with their victory, they started to run back up the corridor, but when they were at the corner they heard something and got scared—a terrible scream—the scream came from the room.

“Oh, no,” said Ron, pale as paper.

“It's the girls' bathroom!” Harry said nervously.

“Hermione!” they said together.

It was the last thing they wanted to do, but what could they do? They ran back to the door and opened it. Harry and Ron ran inside.

Hermione Granger stood against the wall and looked bad. The troll went to her, breaking all, as it went…

- Is it clear? In groups help each other. Ask the translation in group.

- Now answer some questions on the text:

1) Who ran in the corridor?

2) Who screamed in the girl’s bathroom?

3) Why did Hermione scream?

- Good for you, friends. But look. The story stopped here. What did Harry and Ron do after that? Finish the story. In groups think and write 2-3 sentences to finish the story.

(Pupils make up their versions and read them.)

• Now look and read the real ending.

 “Confuse it!” Harry said loudly to Ron, and, taking a tap, threw it at the wall.

The troll stopped about Hermione. He turned to see where was the sound .The Troll saw Harry. He raised his club and went to Harry.

“Hey, stupid!” cried Ron from the other side of the room, and he threw a metal pipe at it. The troll didn't see the pipe, but he heard the scream, the Troll turned to Ron, giving Harry time to run around it.

“Come on, run, run!” Harry screamed to Hermione, showing the door, but she couldn't move, she stood still, her mouth open with terror….

T: So, did you understand? How did Harry and Ron help Hermione?

P: Harry ran around the troll. And Hermione could run away.

T: Good. Boys and girls, think in groups and say the title of this story.

Eg. HARRY AND RON SAVE HERMIONE./FRIEND’S HELP…

T: Pupils, Let’s speak about Harry’s and Ron’s help.

• Why did Harry and Ron help Hermione?
• Was it difficult? Why?
• Are they good friends? What can you say about Ron and Harry?

Eg. Ron and Harry are (kind, brave, smart, friendly, helpful)

• And what about you? Could you run around the troll?
• What would you do to save Hermione?
• Do you help your friends?
• How do you help? What do you do?

T: Boys and girls, Harry, Ron and Hermione have got the “friendship code”.

Eg. help friend (respect friend, defend friend, do not betray friend, do not envy friend, spend free time with friend)

Now in groups discuss and make up the code of friendship. You can use dictionaries. Write 4-5 rules, please.

 (Pupils come up and present the code).

T: Very good, friends! Can you say what we spoke about today?

P: About Harry Potter…

T: and…?

 P: and FRIENDSHIP!

T: I think you are good friends. Now look at the codes and say, one by one, the first rule in your friendship’s code.

P: help your friend, …

T: Thank you, boys and girls. So, read books and be good friends like Harry, Ron and Hermione.

Conclusion:  

On this lesson we have discussed the episode dealing with friendship. Pupils managed to see the moral qualities of the characters in the book. They could find out the theme of friendship in the episode. Finally, pupils managed to make up their own “friendship code”.

So, we think that we have showed that this book can really motivate pupils to build up friendly relations with each other. It means that we have managed to prove that children reading “Harry Potter” will be able to find their many moral messages and think of their own moral values.

                                          Conclusion

J. K. Rowling turned to be a magician herself. Creating such an absorbing plot, she attracts a big audience of both children and their parents. Thus, through the fantasy plot she managed to make a great impact on the readers’ minds. We can assume that she managed to display real moral values existing in every time and reality.

While working on this research, I got deeper in the theme of morality in the novel. To tell the truth, I haven’t thought before that I can find so many moral messages here.

Moral values hidden in the plot are important for everyone. On the one hand, these values are known to everyone. But they are known to adults and older youth. What about children, this is just the right time to build up their system of moral values.

So, to these fragile minds her messages are addressed. We analyzed three vitally important moral values in Rowling’s books, the value of tolerant human relations, the value of family and the value of friendship and comradeship. We managed to study them and interpret Rowling’s moral message. We suppose it looks like this:

1. build up tolerant relations with others; that means self-respect and respect for another viewpoint; judge people by their qualities and acts;
2. build up strong true friends’ relations; respect your friend; prove your friendship with moral deeds;
3. build up warm strong family relations based on mutual respect, love and moral education in a family.

We would like to underline that Rowling does not write directly what is right and what is wrong. She illustrates different variants to choose. She lets the reader to reflect and get to his own moral choice. Rowling told about it in her interview once: “What’s very important for me is when Dumbledore says that you have to choose between what is right and what is easy… All of them are going to have to choose, because what is easy is often not right.” [11]

All in all, the key issues in the whole book are tolerance, respect and following some moral principles. Everyone must have them inside. They don’t let us go the wrong way.

To me, much moral sense has been revealed in the “Harry Potter” book. We suppose that our research has proved the high moral value of this book. We discovered much there. We hope that the young readers will certainly see the moral values we saw there. And they will guide them.

This book, as well as all good children’s books, has a great educating and moralizing power. We’ve made sure of that. Now it’s your turn.

                                             Bibliography

1. Nemov R. S. Psychology book 2, chapter 12. Psychology, education, Moscow, Vlados, 1995

2. Rowling J. «Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets» novel, «Bloomsbury Publishing», 1998

3. Rowling J. «Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows» novel, «Bloomsbury Publishing», 2007

4. Rowling J. «Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire» novel, « Bloomsbury Publishing», 2000

5. Rowling J. «Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince» novel, «Bloomsbury Publishing», 2005

6.  Rowling J. «Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix» novel, « Bloomsbury Publishing», 2003

7.  Rowling J. «Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban» novel, «Bloomsbury Publishing», 1999

8. Rowling J. «Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone» novel, «Bloomsbury Publishing», 1997

9. Rowling J. The BBC News. October 20, 2007

10. Stephen King “Wild About Harry”, New York Times, #7 2000

11. “The American Prospect” magazine, #7 2007

12. “Entertainment Weekly” magazine, #9 2000

13. “Scientific American” magazine, #9 2014

14. www.news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7053982.stm

                                                                                                                 Appendix 1

                                      Harry Potter vocabulary

• A muggle — has no magical powers and no relation to the caste of magicians;
• A pureblood wizard — a wizard, whose parents, both grandmothers and both grandfathers were magicians;
• Auror  —  the position of wizards at the Ministry of magic who specialize in fighting dark wizards and dark magic. This is an elite soldier, something like a Muggle special forces; 
• Dumbledore's army — originally a secret organization of students at Hogwarts, created for the purpose of teaching practical skills of Defense against the dark arts;
• Muggle-borns — wizard, born in a family of Muggles (people from birth deprived of magical abilities);
• Squib — non magical abilities, but born in a family of magician;
• The order of the Phoenix is an organization founded by Albus Dumbledore to fight with Lord Volan-de-mort and the Death eaters. The order was created in the late 70-ies of XX century;
• The Triwizard tournament is an ancient contest of young magicians, which brings together one representative from each of three magical schools: Hogwarts, Durmstrang and Sambacana. Representatives of schools, now called "Champions school", selects the goblet of fire. The "Champions" will compete in three rounds.

                                                                                                                 Appendix 2

            The extracts from «Harry Potter» for an out – of – class activity

Read the text from “Harry Potter”.

Happy with their victory, they started to run back up the corridor, but when they were at the corner they heard something and got scared—a terrible scream—the scream came from the room.

“Oh, no,” said Ron, white  as paper.

“It's the girls' bathroom!” Harry said nervously.

“Hermione!” they said together.

It was the last thing they wanted to do, but what could they do? They ran back to the door and opened it. Harry and Ron ran inside.

Hermione Granger stood against the wall and looked bad. The troll went to her, breaking all, as it went…

Vocabulary

Victory – победа                                          

Corner – угол

Hear-heard – слышать

Get scared – испугаться

Scream – крик

Break – ломать

Read the ending of the text from “Harry Potter”.

“Confuse it!” Harry said loudly to Ron, and, taking a tap, threw it at the wall.

The troll stopped about Hermione. He turned to see where the sound was. The Troll saw Harry. He went to Harry.

“Hey, stupid!” cried Ron from the other side of the room, and he threw a metal pipe at it. The troll didn't see the pipe, but he heard the scream, the Troll turned to Ron, giving Harry time to run around it.

“Come on, run, run!” Harry screamed to Hermione, showing the door, but she couldn't move, she stood still, her mouth open with terror….

Vocabulary

Confuse – запутать

Tap – кран

Throw-threw - бросать

Stupid – тупой

Pipe – труба

Stand-stood

Terror - ужас