Ecology in Russia

The oil industry today - a major economic complex, which lives and develops by its own laws What does it mean today for the oil economy of any country.? ? They are: raw materials for the petrochemical industry in the production of synthetic rubber, alcohol, polyethylene, polypropylene, a wide range of different plastics and finished products from them, artificial tissues; source for the generation of motor fuels (gasoline, kerosene, diesel and jet fuels), oils and lubricants, as well as fuel oil (mazut), construction materials (bitumen, tar, asphalt); feedstock for a number of protein preparations used as additives in feed for cattle to stimulate its growth. Oil - the national wealth, the source of power of the country, the foundation of its economy.? Proven oil reserves are estimated at 140 billion worldwide. Tons and the annual production is about 3.5 billion. M. However, it is hardly to predict the onset after 40 years of the global crisis due to the exhaustion of the oil in the ground, because the economic statistics operates numbers of proven reserves is there are stocks that are fully explored, described and calculated. And this is not all the reserves of the planet. Even within many explored deposits retained unrecorded or not fully accounted oil-producing sectors, as well as deposits still waiting for their discoverers? Over the past two decades, humankind dredged from the depths of more than 60 billion. Tons of oil. It would seem that, while proven reserves decreased by the same amount? Not at all. If in 1977, reserves were estimated at 90 billion. M, then in 1987 in the $ 120 billion. And by 1997, increased by another two dozen billion. The situation is paradoxical: The more you dig, the more remains. Meanwhile, the geological paradox does not seem a paradox economic. After all, the higher the demand for oil, the more it is extracted, the large amounts of capital pour into the sector, the more there is for oil exploration, the more people, the art, the brain is involved in the exploration and new mines are opened and described quickly. Furthermore, the improvement technique allows oil stocks include in the oil, the presence (and quantity) of which was previously known, but which could not reach a technical level in past years. Of course, this does not mean that oil reserves are unlimited, but it is clear that mankind has more than a decade to improve the energy-saving technologies and to introduce alternative energy sources in turn.? With existing methods of oil recovery factor it is in the range of 0.25 - 0.45, which is clearly insufficient and means that a large part of it remains in the geological reserves of the Earth's interior.