Реферат на английском языке "Кино"

Муниципальное бюджетное образовательное учреждение Перевозского муниципального района Нижегородской области Перевозская средняя общеобразовательная школа

Реферат по английскому языку

«Мир кино»

                           Выполнила: учащаяся 7 «а» класса

                                      Маврина Мария

              Учитель:      Д.А.Стожаров

Перевоз

2014 год

Contents

1. Introductions                                                                             2

2. The History of Cinema                                                             3

3. Modern film festivals                                                                6

4. Jim Carrey                                                                                 8

5. Conclusion                                                                                12

6. Literature and Internet sites                                                      13

Introduction

I am a pupil of 7th form. I study many interesting subjects at school: English, Maths, Literature, History and others. I try to do all my best at school. One of my favourite subjects is English. Also I’m a cinema goer and I like watching films on TV or video. I want to improve my English and so I decided to write an essay about cinema and my favourite actor – Jim Carey.

I think that watching a good film is the best relaxation. It is thought-provoking and entertaining. Now a growing number of people prefer watching films on TV to attending cinemas. There are wonderful comedies, love stories, science fiction, horror films, detective stories, and historical films on. There’s a variety of films available today. It is difficult to live without cinema. One fact is clear for everyone: cinema makes our life better. Cinema helps us to forget different problems. When people watch films, they have a rest. Some films take people into another world. I think it is a pure world, where usual problems do not even exist.

 Cinema is a great power; it helps us to understand our complex well. Cinema can leave nobody indifferent. It is so powerful that it provokes complex feelings. We meet a lot of people. Everyone has his own opinion about something and like most of us I have my own opinion too, for example, about cinema. Cinema is a necessary and important part of my life. It is my essence, my mode of life and my happiness. Cinema helps me to cope with difficulties and with incorrigible problems.

The History of Cinema

Cinema means the same as pictures and movies. In Greek the world “kinema” means “movement”. Cinema has been with us for over 100 years. It was born at the end of the 19-thcentury. On the 28th of December, 1895 the Lumiere brothers made their first three-minute films which were demonstrated to the public.

Since then a new era has begun – the era of cinematography. It rapidly spread all over the world was crazy about Charlie. He was created and performed by the famous English actor and film director Charles Spenser Chaplin. His Charlie, small and clumsy yet kind – hearted, generous and brave, has attracted the hearts of simple people in different countries. Sometimes they would stand in long queues to see a film their favourite actor. The first films in the West were mainly melodramas or comedies.

But the moving image has been around for a lot longer. The magic world of film comes to life before the visitor’s eyes at the Museum of Moving Image in London. Later cinema became the most popular entertaiment all over the world.

Pioneers of Russian cinema are Protazanov, Gardin, Bauer and, later, Eisenstein, Pudovkin, Dovzhenko. Their fist films were much alike the films in the West. But in twenties in Russia  they very often were historical films or screen versions of the best novels. This tradition was successfully continued. Consider the screen version of Leo Tolstoy «War and Peace»a real  masterpiece of cinema.

This version is a recognized masterpiece of Sergey Bondarchuck as a director all over the world. He was invited by foreign cinematographers to be a director and producer  for battle scenes in the film «Waterloo». He managed it excellently! I`ve watched it not so long ago over TV. But the «War and Peace» was made for the screen in the cinema!

When people think of cinema they often imagine Hollywood, they probably think of film stars like Marilyn Monroe, Gary Grant and James Dean. Indeed, there was a time when Hollywood was the most famous place in the USA, if not the world.

The Hollywood story begins at the end of the last century.

1887. A man called Harvey Wilcox bought a large ranch in a district north-west of Los Angeles in California. His wife called the land «Hollywood».

1902-1904. The first cinemas («nickelodeons») opened in the USA.

1911. Two brothers from New Jersey build Hollywood`s first film studio.

1912. Film makers from the east coast of the USA came to California, first in small number and then in thousands.

1912. The Hollywood film industry was born.

In the 1950s and 1960s Hollywood became more international. Famous stars like Maurice Chevalier from France, Marlene Dietrich from Germany and Sofia Loren from Italy came to Hollywood. Even today many international stars like Gerard Depardier and Arnold Schwarzeneger make films in Hollywood.

A big film studio, like MGM or Warner Brothers, brought to life a lot film-stars. They could make or break a star.

The Hollywood studios produced different types of films. There were the silent Charlie Chaplin comedies of the 20s, gangster films, Frankenstein horror films and Greta Garbo romantic melodramas of the 30s, the musicals of the 40s and 50s, the westerns (cowboy films) of the 50s, the historical epics of the 60s, the science fiction films of the 70s and the Steven Spielberg action films and violent horror films of the 80s-90s. Who knows what new millennium will be famous for?

Modern film festivals

There are so many interesting and entertaining films, that sometimes it is a problem to chose what to see. In this problem we are helped by film festivals. They acquaint us the most attractive film, because films are assessed by jury of international celebrities.

Nowadays there are a lot of film festivals: the Cannes festival, the Berlin festival, the Venice festival and etc. All of the films at the festivals are assessed by jury of international celebrities. festivals provide opportnities for actors especially for starlates, reveal both masterpieces and duds. Put an emphasis on independent and innovative film making and guarantee distribution for non-mainstream and non- Hollywood films. Festivals are annual events. All of them have their own awards and places where they are held.

The Cannes festival is a French film festival which was founded in 1938. this festival soon became one of  the top festivals. Its award is olive-branch (olive-branch is a symbol of peace).

The berlin festival is a German film festival is one of the three major festivls in Europe. Its prize is Golden Bear.

The Venice festival is the world’s oldest film festival (1932). Its award is Golden Lion.

The Oscars are awarded every year by the American Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Science. These statuettes are awarded to actors, film directors, screenwriters and so on for outstanding contributions to the film industry. The Oscars were first awarded in 1927. The first winners were chosen by five judges. Nowadays all of the members of the Academy vote. The ceremony is attended by most Hollywood stars, although some famous stars, such as Woody Allen, refuse to go, even if they win an award. The oldest winner of an Oscar was 80-year- old Jessica Tandy for her performance in the film “Driving Miss Daisy” in 1990. The youngest was Shirley Temple when she was only five years old. The statuette is of soldier standing on a reel of film. Nobody is really sure why it is called an Oscar, although some people say that it is because when the first statuette was made, a secretary said, “It reminds me of Uncle Oscar!” Oscar is one of the top ceremony of awards. Its award is a gold-plated figurine which is awarded annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences for the best film work in various categories, e.g. Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor, Best Actress. In 1928 Frances Marion said about it: “the statuette is a perfect symbol of the movie business – a powerful athletic body clutching a gleaming sword, with half of his haed, the art that holds his brain, completely sliced off”.

Jim Carrey

James Eugene "Jim" Carrey (born January 17, 1962) is a Canadian-American actor and comedian. He is my favourite character. He has received two Golden Globe Awards and has also been nominated on four occasions. Carrey began stand-up comedy in 1979, performing at Yuk Yuk's in Toronto, Ontario. After gaining prominence in 1981, he began working at The Comedy Store in Los Angeles where he was soon noticed by comedian Rodney Dangerfield, who immediately signed him to open his tour performances. Carrey, long interested in film and television, developed a close friendship with comedian Damon Wayans, which landed him a role in the sketch comedy hit In Living Color, in which he portrayed various characters during the show's 1990 season.

The Carrey family fell on hard times and were forced to move to Scarborough, a Toronto suburb, where they took security and janitorial jobs in the Titan Wheels factory. Carrey began working eight-hour shifts each day after school. Eventually, the Carrey family escaped life at Titan by living on a relative's lawn out of the family Volkswagen van until they could move back downtown.

Carrey dropped out of high school, and began to work in comedy clubs and develop his act, which included impersonations of celebrities such as Michael Landon and James Stewart. In 1979 he moved to Los Angeles and started working in The Comedy Store, where he was noticed by comedian Rodney Dangerfield. Dangerfield liked Carrey's act so much that he signed Carrey up to open Dangerfield's tour performances.

Carrey's first starring role in a film was in Ace Ventura: Pet Detective (1994). Through the 1990s, Carrey released one highly successful film after another, including The Mask in 1994, Batman Forever in 1995, Ace Ventura: When Nature Calls in 1995, Liar Liar in 1997, and The Truman Show in 1998.

In 1999, Carrey fought hard for his next role as comedian Andy Kaufman in Man on the Moon. There were quite a few actors fighting for the role, including Edward Norton, but director Milos Forman and the other filmmakers knew Carrey was their "Andy" when they saw him audition. Carrey performed for them as Kaufman with Kaufman's actual bongo drums.

Carrey's manager is James Miller, younger brother of comedian Dennis Miller.

Carrey has won repeatedly nominations from the two major foreign press associations, with two Golden Satellite Award nominations and six nominations for Golden Globe Awards, winning two of the latter. He has been even more successful with MTV Movie Awards, with over 20 nominations and awards, some shared (as in the 1995 "Best Kiss" award shared with Lauren Holly). He has also been nominated three times for Saturn Awards.

He is an inductee of Canada's Walk of Fame.

Carrey has been listed on a number of lists of famous people that are claimed to have or have had bipolar disorder, but the truth of these rumours is not known.

Jim Carrey continues to appear in successful comedies as well as more dramatic roles. His performance in Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind (2004) earned high praise from critics, who once again incorrectly predicted that Carrey would receive his first Oscar nomination.

Filmography

1980 The Sex and Violence Family Hour - Various roles

1981 All in Good Taste - Ralph Parker

1983 Copper Mountain - Bobby Todd

1984 Finders Keepers - Lane Bidlekoff

1985 Once Bitten - Mark Kendall

1986 Peggy Sue Got Married - Walter Getz

1988 The Dead Pool - Johnny Squares

1989 Pink Cadillac - Comedian

1989 Earth Girls Are Easy - Wiploc

1991 High Strung - Death

1992 The Itsy Bitsy Spider - The Exterminator Voice role

1994 Ace Ventura: Pet Detective - Ace Ventura

1994 The Mask - The Mask/ Stanley Ipkiss

1994 Dumb and Dumber - Lloyd Christmas

1995 Batman Forever - Riddler/ Edward Nygma

1995 Ace Ventura: When Nature Calls - Ace Ventura

1996 The Cable Guy - Ernie "Chip" Douglas

1997 Liar Liar - Fletcher Reede

1998 The Truman Show - Truman Burbank

1998 Simon Birch - Adult Joe Wenteworth

1999 Man on the Moon - Andy Kaufman/ Tony Clifton

2000 Me, Myself & Irene - Officer Charlie Baileygates/Hank

2000 How the Grinch Stole Christmas - The Grinch

2001 The Majestic - Peter Appleton

2003 Pecan Pie - The driver 2-minute short film

2003 Bruce Almighty - Bruce Nolan

2004 Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind - Joel Barish

2004 Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events - Count Olaf

2005 Fun with Dick and Jane - Dick Harper

2008 Horton Hears a Who! - Horton Voice role

2008 Yes Man - Carl Allen

2009 I Love You Phillip Morris - Steven Jay Russell

2009 A Christmas Carol - Ebenezer Scrooge

2011 Mr. Popper's Penguins - Mr. Popper

Conclusion

Cinematograph is one of the wonders of the modern world. Cinematograph is really an art of our time. Everyone can find something to his liking in the broad variety of its genres. For example: horror films, thriller films, popular science films, mystery films, documentaries, and animated cartoons. Besides films may be color or black-and-white, full-length or short, sound or silent, dubbed or have subtitles.

Writing this essay I’ve got to know much information about cinema and its history. It is very interesting to learn a lot of new things.

Cinema has got an important role in the life of any society. Cinema has become a part of the modern way of life. There is no denying that cinema is an important part of our culture.

We can’t imagine our everyday life without TV. Every day, every single evening most of people are watching TV. You can watch whatever you like: news, show, films or anything else. There are so many different channels: news, discovery, sport, music, fashion and others.

Writing this work was quite a long period, sometimes hard work. But I did it with pleasure. Thank to it I know much more about history of cinema and my favourite actor.

Besides, I hope this essay would be useful for the pupils’ studying the English language.

Literature and Internet sites

1. 400 тем по английскому языку для школьников, абитуриентов, студентов и преподавателей. Сост. Ю.В. Куриленко.- М.: ЗАО «БАО-ПРЕСС», 2005.
2. Английский язык. 600 устных тем для школьников и поступающих в вузы/ И.Ю. Баканова, Н.В.Береговая, Н.Г.Брюсова и др. – 3-е изд., стереотип.- М.: Дрофа, 2001.
3. Каверина В., Бойков В., Жидких Н. 100 тем английского устного.- М.: ЗАО «БАО-ПРЕСС», 2002.
4. Шереметьева А.В. Английский язык. Аудирование.- Саратов: Лицей, 2010.
5. Шереметьева А.В. Английский язык. Страноведческий справочник.- Саратов: Лицей, 2008.
6. www.alleng.ru
7. www.engmaster.ru
8. www.homeenglish.ru
9. www.wikipedia.org.ru
10.  www.native-english.ru