Религии мира.Христианство

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Christianity Christianity – is World Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ as described in the New Testament. Christianity - is the largest religion in the world both in the number of adherents , about over 2 billion people, and the geographical spread - every country in the world has at least one Christian community. Christianity has 3 parts : Orthodoxy, Catholicism and Protestantism .

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Jesus Christ Jesus Christ, or Jesus of Nazareth is the Central figure in Christianity, which viewed it as predicted in the old Testament the Messiah, who became the sacrificial offering for the sins of people . Jesus Christ was born in the Palestinian city of Bethlehem, in the family of Joseph the betrothed of the most Holy virgin Mary. True Father of Christ is God our Lord. The birth of Jesus Christ was preceded by a miracle in the form of the Annunciation of the virgin Mary. After the Nativity the shepherds later the Magi came to the Christ child At the age of thirty Jesus was b aptis ed in the Jordan.

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History of Christianity Christianity arose in the I century BC on the outskirts of the Roman Empire in Palestine, Jewish environment. During the time of submission to the Jews of Rome in an atmosphere of messianic sentiment appears preacher Jesus of Nazareth , revered as Christ . The apostles and other early followers of Jesus were Jews. Originally Christianity spread among the Jews of Palestine and the Mediterranean diaspora, but already in the first decades , particularly through the activities of the Apostle Paul, it had acquired many followers among other nations. Kinship with Judaism manifested in the fact that the first part of the Bible , the Old Testament , the sacred book of both Jews and Christians. Ecumenical Councils were fixed on the basic provisions, was adopted by the Creed, and other movements condemned as heretical.

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At the age of thirty Jesus was b aptis ed in the Jordan. Before the beginning of his Public Ministry, Jesus Christ withdrew into the wilderness and fasted for forty days and conquered temptation of Satan. The public Ministry of Jesus Christ beg an in Galilee. His first miracle Jesus did in Cana of Galilee at the wedding, turn ed water into wine and it strengthened the faith of his pupils. After the third year of the preaching of Jesus Christ, one of His disciples Apostle Judas Iscariot betrayed the master for 30 pieces of silver. After the litigation of the Sanhedrin, Jesus was crucified. Died and was buried in Jerusalem. On the third day after his death Jesus Christ miraculously resurrected. And on the fortieth day he was ascended into the heaven. After He left the land of his faithful disciples, they continued to disseminate His teachings around the world.

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N umber of adherents European - 400 to 550 million in Latin America - 543 million in North America - $ 231 million: USA - 160-225 million,Canada - 25 million in Asia - 350 million in Africa - 475 million Australia and Oceania - 24 million

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The number of adherents of various Christian denominations Catholics - about 1.2 billion, including: 17,000,000 Catholics of Eastern rites; Protestants - 420 million 279 million Pentecostals; 88 million Anglicans; 75 million Presbyterians and closely related flows; 70 million Methodists; 70 million Baptists; 64 million Lutherans; 16 million Seventh-day Adventists; adherents of the Orthodox churches from 225 to 300 million adherents drevnevostochnyh tserkvey70-80 million, including the followers of the Armenian Apostolic Church - about 9 million

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Holy Book The Bible is a collection of sacred texts of Christians, consisting of the old and New Testaments. The old Testament is also the sacred text of the Jews . The old Testament is written in Hebrew, except for some parts written in Aramaic language. New Testament is written in Greek (in the form of Koine). The word «Bible» was not found in the sacred books and was first used in relation to the congregation of the sacred books of the East in the IV century, by John Chrysostom and Epiphany Cyprus. The Jews of their Holy books marked such the names: as «Scripture», «Holy Scriptures», «Covenant,» «the book of the Covenant», «the Law and the Prophets». Christians of the new Testament Scriptures indicate d the titles of «the gospel» and «the Apostle.»

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The Commandments Of Christianity The ten commandments, ten basic laws, according to the Torah w ere given by God to Moses in the presence of the sons of Israel on mount Sinai on the fiftieth day after the Exodus from Egypt. 1.I Lord thy God, thou shalt have no other gods before me. 2. do not make for yourself an idol, or any likeness of what is in heaven above and on the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth. You shall not bow down to them or worship them; for I the Lord thy God am a jealous God, punishing children for fault of fathers up to the third and fourth generation of them that hate Me, but showing mercy to thousands of them that love Me and keep My commandments. 3.not speak the name of the Lord thy God in vain; for the Lord will not leave without punishment that taketh His name in vain. 4. Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it Holy. Six days shalt thou labour, and do all thy work; but the seventh day is the Sabbath of the Lord thy God: thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, nor thy manservant, nor thy maidservant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates. For in six days the Lord made heaven and earth, the sea and all that in them is, and rested the seventh day. Wherefore the Lord blessed the Sabbath day and hallowed it. 5. Worship father and thy mother, that thy days may be long in the land which the Lord thy God giveth thee. 6.do not kill. 7. Do not commit adultery. 8. Do not steal. 9 .Do not bear false witness against thy neighbour. 10.Не desire your neighbor's house; not covet thy neighbour's wife, nor his manservant, nor his maidservant, nor his ox, nor his ass, nor anything that is thy neighbor's.

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Great feasts Easter (Easter Sunday) - 20 April Fixed great feasts 7 January - Christmas 19 January - Epiphany (Epiphany) 15 February - Presentation of the Lord 7 April - the Annunciation of the MostHoly mother of God August 19 - Transfiguration of the Lord August 28 - assumption of the blessed virgin 21 September - Nativity of the Holy Theotokos September 27 - the Elevation of the cross December 4 - Introduction in temple Presvyatoj of the virgin twelve great passing holidays April 13 - the Entrance of our Lord into Jerusalem (palm Sunday) 29 may - Ascension 8 June - the Day of the Holy Trinity (Pentecost) Great holidays with constant date January 14 - the Circumcision of the Lord 7 July - the Nativity of St. John the Baptist on July 12, the Feast of the Holy apostles Peter and Paul 11 September - the beheading of St. John the Baptist October 14 - protection of the Holy Theotokos and ever-virgin Mary

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Easter The main Orthodox holiday is Easter. The day of Easter was preceded by Holy week with a pure Thursday. O n this day we prepar e g for the holiday: we clean, wash in the hut, bak, boil, paint eggs. The main subject of the Paschal rite is the painted egg. According to the legend the origin of the custom colored eggs is connected with the name of Mary Magdalene. She, appearing before the Roman Emperor Tiberius, presented him with a gift painted egg with the greeting, "Christ is Risen". Egg is served as a symbol of the tomb and simultaneously occurring in new life. An indispensable treat o n the day of Easter is wheat cake and curd Easter as power of the desert fathers, among them some time was Christ. Easter, as Pancake day, is celebrated in a special way, and days of the week also had their own names. So, Monday and Tuesday were considered "bathing". On this day people poured water. Accordin to Russian legend "on Wednesday on the bright week working . Thursday is "Easter of the dead" - commemoration of the dead relatives. Friday is "forgiveness day". Relatives and friends meet each other to asle to apologize.