The ABC of Safety.

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The ABC of Safety Authors : Mark Velikanov Vitally Sagitov School 37, grade 6 « B » Scientific Adviser : O.V. Savkina

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Contents Aim and objectives hypothesis Identification of the theme safety Method of Research Scientific novelty and the practical significance of the study Safety at home Safety on the road Safety at school Water safety

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Aim and objectives This study was designed to determine reasons of different dangerous situations at home and outside the home. To make a list of possible accidents To find out the main ways to provide safety To carry out a survey aimed at making out an instruction to prevent injuries and accidents Aim Objectives

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to prove that indoor and outdoor safety depends on engineering, education, and enforcement. hypothesis

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Literature review Data collection and analyses Description Method of Research

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Scientific novelty and the practical significance of the study: many safety rules developed by the authors can be used in everyday life Engineering, education, and enforcement are the three E’s of safety. The three E’s provide means for vast reduction of the accident rate. Through education people can be made aware of the accident problem and the ways of fighting it. Enforcement of safety rules, which have been developed through experience, prevents many accidents. Scientific novelty and the practical significance of the study

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Safety at home

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Falls Falls are the most common kind of accident at home. To avoid them: Floors and stairs should be in good repair. Stairs and doorways should be well lighted; flashlights should be used if necessary.

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Safety for small children If there are small children in the house, special care must be taken to make sure they are safe. Gates should be placed at the heads of staircases, to keep children from falling down them. Windows should be tightly fastened screens or window guards, to keep children from leaning out too far and falling.

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Suffocation These bags are extremely dangerous, as they can cause suffocation if pulled over the head. Plastic bags from the dry cleaner and mailer bags that keep food fresh should be kept away from children.

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Scalding and burning There , too, most trouble can be prevented by following a few simple rules. Scalding and burning are other household dangers, especially in the kitchen, where most of the cooking and washing are done.

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Gas When a leak is suspected, no matches should be struck and no electric switch should be turned on or off. Windows should be opened immediately. Gas leaks are extremely dangerous. Any small spark could set off a disastrous explosion in a room full of gas.

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electricity Electric wires are surrounded by a nonconducting , heat-resistant sheath, called insulation, which separates the two wires in an electric cord and protects them from outside exposure. Many home fires are the result of faulty or inadequate electrical wiring. Any electric current running through a wire produces heat, which, if not properly controlled, is danger­ous.

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Poisons All medicine should be clearly marked and stored out of the reach of children. Household detergents and disinfectants, such as ammonia and lye, should be kept away from children.

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Firearms Rifles, pistols, and shotguns are deadly weapons. Never point a gun at anyone, even if it is not loaded. Guns should be emptied before cleaning and storing. Failure to do this has caused many tragic and unnecessary deaths.

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Safety outdoors

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Safety at school Safety measures at school are just as impor­tant as those at home. Fire is the biggest danger. School authorities should make certain that the fire escapes, elevators, and wiring are in good condition. Fire extinguishers are kept in many parts of the building.

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Safety on the road

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Water safety Children who are not good swimmers should not play near the water without the supervision of an adult who is a good swimmer. Drownings are among the most common fatal accidents. Most drowning victims are not swimmers but people who have fallen ac­cidentally into the water from docks, bridges, or boats or who have drowned in bathtubs.

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ORGANIZING FOR SAFETY The invention of many new machines, beginning with Watt's steam engine (1769), released great forces for production. But the same machines that meant increased production also meant increased dangers for workers. The development of safety devices for machinery lagged far behind the rapid advance of new productive machinery. The development of safety devices for machinery lagged far behind the rapid advance of new productive machinery.

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THE THREE E'S OF SAFETY Engineering, education, and enforcement are the three E's of safety. The three E's provide means for vast reduction of the accident rate. Proper design (engineering) of machines, buildings, highways, and industrial and home equipment eliminates many acci­dent hazards. Through education people can be made aware of the accident problem and the ways of fighting it. Enforcement of safety rules, which have been developed through experience, prevents many accidents.

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The New Book of Knowledge. The Children’s Encyclopedia.1969.Grolier incorporated, New York, USA Wikipedia student’s encyclopedia Yandex pictures English student’s book Literature

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1 . Safety at home. You should protect yourself in every possible way from falls. Special care must be taken if there are small children in the house. Special precaution should be taken to prevent scalding and burning. In case of gas leaks, the gas company should be notified immediately. 2. Safety outside the home. Being careful and taking all necessary precautions outside the home can prevent many accidents. 3. Safety at school. Special safety measures should be taken to prevent fires. You should be careful in school corridors, gyms, when playing outdoor games. 4. Motor vehicle safety. Careless driving, speeding and slow driving should be avoided, seat belts should always be used. 5. Water safety. Children mustn’t swim without an adult. Good swimmers shouldn’t swim alone. Boating in bad weather conditions should be avoided, too.

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Accidents Injury □ □ □ Strains □ □ □ Fractures □ □ □ Dislocations □ □ □ Bruises □ □ □ Cuts □ □ □ Scratches □ □ □

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Accidents

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Thank you for attention