Олимпийские игры в Лондоне

МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И МОЛОДЁЖНОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ

         МБОУ «Полевобикшикская средняя общеобразовательная школа»

                  «НАУКА. ТВОРЧЕСТВО. РАЗВИТИЕ»

                                                                                     Автор работы:

                                                                                  Петров Дмитрий      

                                                                                    ученик 8  класса

                                                                                   Научный руководитель:

                                                                               Петрова Наталия Семёновна

                                           Полевые Бикшики - 2014

Содержание тезисов, методы решения (текст, рисунки, таблицы).

   All over the world, people of different ages love sport and sport games. It unites people of different backgrounds and nationalities. Sport does not only help people to become stronger and to develop physically, but also makes them more organized It supports a healthy mind in a healthy body. I believe that we all need to exercise, even if we are not planning to make a career of an athlete.

   Sport is an essential part of my life. Every morning I do my morning exercises. Almost every day I have the training. I go in for swimming, football, cycling. In winter I like skiing and skating.

   We have good teams at our school and different kinds of competitions take place. It is traditionally our school competitions on football, volleyball. I enjoy of taking part in these competitions. I meet a lot of friends.

    I decided to take the research work on «How many times has London held the Olympic games? ». As far as I know, they were organized to unite the people all over the world. Moreover, in anticipation of the following Winter Olympic Games in Sochi in 2014, during my work, I decided to find out everything about London’s Olympic Games and answer the question why London became the first city to host the modern Summer Olympic Games three times.

   From different sources, I learned that there are a lot of legends and tales about the origin of the Olympic Games.

  But the researches confirm that the Olympic Games were held in honor of the feast of harvest. So the winners were awarded by an olive branch and wreath. The time for the Games – August – September.  

  My conclusions: the Olympic Games originated in the valley of the river Alpheus and were ritual of consecration of young men in the warriors, and in 776 BC were revived.

  The Revival of the Olympic Games contributed to the following preconditions. Firstly, the Olympic Games, with the exception of the middle ages, have never been forgotten. They were remembered. Secondly, during this period different countries have developed their own system of physical education. Thirdly, in the 1960 – 1880 began extensive sports contacts and national and the international sports associations appeared.

- in 1863, in England, was created the first national association – football league;

- in 1864, a meeting of student’s commands of Cambridge and Oxford universities in athletics, incorporation in itself running on the 440 yards, 200 and 120 yards hurdles, long jump and height,

 - in 1881, was created the European association of gymnastics; -in 1888 in America was created the amateur athletic union. Fourthly, with the release of sport it was necessary to conduct large complex of competitions on the international arena. There were offers to include sport organizations in programmers of international fairs.

London 1908. Truth be told, London was never meant to host the Olympic Games in 1908. In 1906, Mt. Vesuvius erupted near Naples. The Italian government asked that the 1908 Rome Olympics be relocated. London gladly accepted and Rome would wait another 52 years for a second chance.

The Fourth Olympiad: The 1908 Summer Olympics was officially known as the Games of the IV Olympiad. The Games were held in 1908 in London, England. These games were originally scheduled to be held in Rome. At the time they were the fifth modern Summer Games following the Athens Games in1906. However the International Olympic Committee degraded the Athens

Games and thus the 1908 Games are seen as the fourth Olympiad according to the accepted four year cycle.

Venue: The Fourth Summer Games were held at White City Stadium, built in London, England for the 1908 Summer Olympics. This stadium was the first purpose-built Olympic stadium. Completed in just 10 months, it was officially opened by King Edward VII on 27th April, 1908.

Participants: The 1908 Games started in spring and ran all summer, from 27 April to 31 October. 2008 participants competed in the fourth Olympiad. The 22 countries which took part in the Games were Australasia, Austria, Belgium, Bohemia, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, The Netherlands, Norway, Russia, South Africa, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and U.S.A.

Events: In the fourth Olympiad there were 110 events in 22 sports . The sports included in the program were archery, athletics, boxing, cycling, diving, fencing, figure skating (on ice),

football, gymnastics, hockey, jeu de paume, lacrosse, polo, rackets, rowing, rugby, sailing, shooting, swimming, tennis, tug of war, water motor sports, water polo and wrestling.

My conclusions: 1908 was a momentous year for the Olympics, making its mark with a host of first. For the first time in Olympic history, a stadium was built specially for the Games. The first Opening Ceremony. The first appearance of diving as an Olympic Event. The first games to hold the marathon we know today (26 miles, 365 yards)  

London 1948. The 1948 Summer Olympics, officially known as Games of the XIV Olympiad. London was the world's largest city from about 1831 to 1925 London was bombed by the Germans during the First World War while during the Second World War the Blitz and other bombing by the German  over 30,000 Londoners and destroyed large tracts of housing and other buildings across the city. Immediately after the war, the 1948 Summer Olympics were held at the original Wimble Stadium, at a time when London had barely recovered from the war. They only had two years preparation time before an army of international athletes would descend on the city ( London has seven years to prepare for the 2012 Games).The 1948 games were an absolute triumph. The London1948 Games were the first to be held since 1938. No new facilities were built for these Games, but Wimble Stadium had survived.  Despite difficult economic times, the Games were again a tremendous success. The Games involved 59 countries, 4,104 (355 women) athletes and 136 events and were held between 29th July and 14th   August. Countries were also encouraged to bring their own food. Germany and Japan, the aggressors of WWII, were not invited to participate and Joseph Stalin’s Soviet Union declined an invitation to compete. Wimble Stadium was the main venue used for the Games.

  My conclusions: For the first time at the Olympics, swimming events were held at the Empire Pool. New events were held boxing, weightlifting, wrestling and gymnastics. Many events were broadcast on television and radio coverage was carried around the world. Perhaps the most memorable legacy was the birth of volunteering. This was the first time that the photo – finish camera was used at the Olympics. London managed to host an Olympiad that exemplified the spirit of amateur sportsmanship.

London 2012. London is a leading global city, with strengths in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism and transport all contributing to its prominence. It is one of the world's leading financial centers and has the fifth- or sixth-largest metropolitan area GDP in the world depending on measurement. London is a world cultural capital. It is the world's most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the world's largest city airport system measured by passenger traffic. London's 43 universities form the largest concentration of

higher education in Europe. In 2012, London became the first city to host the modern Summer Olympic Games three times.

They were taken between 27 July – 12 August 2012. A total of 10,500 athletes from 204 nations competed in 26 sports. London’s Olympic committee spent nearly seven years preparing for the Olympics after it won the opportunity to host the Games in 2005. The city constructed an Olympic Park nearly one square mile in size, which includes nine of the 34 Olympic stadiums, and built 30 high – speed trains for the new Olympic Javelin shuttle service, which can carry 240,000 passengers every hour to the Olympic Park. The main venues – the Olympic Stadium, Aquatics Centre, Velodrome  and BMX Circult, Wembley Stadium. 

My conclusions: The Olympics continued to respect and build on tradition; Women's boxing was included in the programmer for the first time. New technology introduced, including cameras that can capture 2,000 images per second and broadcast in 3D.

I proud of this person. The history of the mountain bike includes contributions from cyclo-cross in Europe and in the UK. The name "mountain bike" first appeared in print in 1966 as "mountain bicycle". The sport became popular in the 1970s in Northern California, USA. I.

          Irina Nikolayevna Kalentieva  was born on the 10th  of November in 1977 in Batyrevsky District, Chuvashia. She is a professional cross-country mountain bike racer. She won the UCI Mountain Bike and Trials World Championships in 2007 and 2009.

I find out, that she also won bronze medal of 2008 Summer Olympics and became fourth at 2012 Summer Olympics. She is the only  Chuvash sportsmen who was compete in 2012 Summer Olympics.

"I had prepared well for the race. I did everything that I planned to do. It all worked. My start was good and the bike functioned perfectly. I felt that I was better positioned on the bike, and had more power on the climbs.", she says.

The survive. I made the survey among the students in my class to find out their attitudes to sport and what they know about the Olympics. It was attended by 20 people. These are the questions and the results of my survey:

1. Why is sport so important in our life?                      

2. Do all people need exercise?

3. What sports are popular in our country?                                                

       -     

4. What games are the most   popular and where they start being held?

5. How many times has London hosted the Olympics?

6.  Do you know any Chuvash sportsmen who compete in 2012 London Olympics?  

7. Where will be held the Winter Olympic Games 2014?

    My conclusion: Conducted a survey among my classmates I found out how they relate to sport and what they know about the Olympics. After collecting and analyzing all the information, I can already say firmly that sport unites people around the world. Yes, it unites.  So sport is friendship, brotherhood and harmony of the world. It is a good opportunity to join the culture of other nations and respect its history and traditions. And it is the main idea of ​​the Olympic Games. But student don’t know about the Olympic games in London, and Chuvash sportsmen.

                                                  ВЫВОДЫ

          So, in the course of my work, I tried on the basis of historical facts to find proof of my idea that sport unites and strengthens the friendship of peoples, to learn all about the history of the Olympic Games in London.  In order to do this, I read the literature on ancient Greece, the history of the Olympics and made a lot of interesting discoveries. 

         I find out that London is a popular centre for tourism. London attracts over 14 million international visitors per year, making it Europe's most visited city. London attracts 27 million overnight-stay visitors every year. London will host the 2017 World Championships in Athletics.

         As for me, I get great pleasure from sports. I like to participate in various sporting events, defending the honor of my class and my school. In the future I dream to become an outstanding athlete, like my idol, Irina Kalentieva and defend the honor of my country in the world. And if I’m lucky climb the Olympic podium which is the dream of any athlete.