Как празднуют Рождество в Великобритании и в России

       МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И МОЛОДЁЖНОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ

                 МБОУ «Полевобикшикская средняя общеобразовательная школа»

                  «НАУКА. ТВОРЧЕСТВО. РАЗВИТИЕ»

       Как празднуют Рождество

   в Великобритании и в России?

                                                                                     Авторы работы:

                                                                                  Петров Дмитрий

                                                                                    учащийся 7 класса

                                                                                   Научный руководитель:

                                                                               Петрова Наталия Семёновна

                                           Полевые Бикшики - 2013

                                                       Тезисы  

              Как празднуют Рождество в Великобритании и в России?

                                                                          Авторы работы: Петров Дмитрий

                                                        Научный руководитель: Петрова Наталия Семёновна 

1.Введение (актуальность работы, постановка задачи)

Актуальность.

На занятиях английского языка мы часто обсуждаем традиции и обычаи Великобритании. Для лучшего понимания предмета разговора преподаватель часто сравнивает наши и английские традиции. Нам захотелось больше узнать о схожести и различиях в наших культурах.

  Как известно Россия самая большая страна на всем земном шаре и её площадь составляет 17075400км². В России живет много национальностей, которые с охотой празднуют праздники, такие как Новый год, Рождество,  Масленица, Пасха…

Великобритания хоть и уступает значительно по площади России (её площадь 244088км²), но праздники там празднуют не хуже, чем в России.

Цель:      Выяснить, когда празднуют Рождество в Великобритании и России;  

                сравнить Рождество двух стран; познакомить с рождественскими  

                традициями англичан.

Задачи:  1) Выявить отличительные черты в проведении праздника, имеют ли они  

                   сходства, общие корни.  

                   2) Доказать, что Рождество в Великобритании и в России являются  

                        религиозными праздниками.

                   3) Выявить взаимосвязь между ними.            

2.Содержание тезисов, методы решения (текст, рисунки, таблицы).

В ходе работы предусмотрено:

       Изучение литературу о традициях празднования Рождества в России и в Великобритании. Расспрос жителей деревни о традициях празднования Рождества. Анкетирование среди учащихся 6 – 7 классов. В процессе исследовательской работы возникало много вопросов, ответы на которые мы находили, анализируя информацию из различных источников, включая литературные произведения; выводы делались с помощью сопоставительных фактов.

3. Заключение (результаты работы).

      Работа выполнена на английском языке,  так как мы преследовали цель пассивного и активного словарного запаса. Мы считаем, наша работа призвана раскрыть особенности, сходства и отличия с русскими праздниками, и  обращена в историю и связана с традициями народа в настоящем. Данная исследовательская работа плодотворна, так как она позволяет обогатить личностный ресурс знаниями исторического прошлого, ощутить живую нить, связывающую поколения.   17  января 2012 г.

                      1.Введение

       The theme of our research work is “CHRISTMAS in Great Britain and Russia”. We have    

    chosen this theme as Christmas is the most popular holiday in many countries.

The actuality of this theme is determined by the following factors:

1. The sociological questioning of 6 -7 formers showed that 65% of those who were interviewed did not have any idea about CHRISTMAS in Great Britain and Russia
2. The results of the questioning confirm that 85% of the interviewed are interested in these theme.
3. This theme is interesting but it is not enough presented in school curriculum. To study the customs and traditions means to study the history of country.

      The object of this research is Christmas.

The subject of this research is the customs and traditions, similarities and differences.

The aim of this research is to study how British celebrate Christmas.

The following problems had to be solved:

1. To define the knowledge of the culture and traditions.
2. To analyze the similarities and differences from the point of view of religious position two countries, its customs and traditions.

Scientific novelty of this work lies in connections between cultures which were determined during the research.

Practical values of the work are the results of it.  They will help pupils to study the theme ‘British customs and traditions’, ‘Christmas around the World»!”

20 individuals were questioned.

Methods of description, comparison, analysis, generalization and questioning were used.

Internet and other sources were used as sources of information.

     2. Содержание тезисов, методы решения (текст, рисунки, таблицы).

The results of questioning 

1.Do you know what traditions can be connected with Christmas?

2. Do you know why Russia celebrates Christmas on January 7?

     3.  Have you ever been interested in Christmas?

     4. Do you like Christmas?

  25 of December and January 7th.  For most British families, 25 of December is the most important festival of the year, it combines the Christian celebration of the birth of Christ with the traditional festivities of winter. 

 Russian Christmas is celebrated on January 7th. It is only because the Russian Orthodox Church didn’t change to the Gregorian calendar. Instead, the Orthodox Church still uses the Julian calendar. According to the Julian calendar, December 25th is on January 7th.

 Traditions. In Britain and Russia people have many interesting Christmas traditions.

   Christmas tree. People buy a Christmas tree and put it in the living-room. They decorate it with toys, candles, colored balls and little colored lights. Every year there is a very big Christmas tree in the centre of London, in Trafalgar Square. This is a present from the people of Norway to the people of Great Britain. They send it to Londoners every year and Londoners decorate the Christmas tree. In   the evening before Christmas people like to come to Trafalgar Square to look at the tree.

   Russians do decorate a tree but it’s called a «New Year’s Tree» instead of Christmas tree. The Russian name is ‘YOL-ka’. Every year there is  a huge fir tree  placed in the Kremlin's Cathedral Square in Moscow.  Russian designers decorated the tree with ornaments in layers of red, white, and blue - a patriotic theme chosen to symbolize the Russian flag.

Santa Claus and Farher Frost. Santa Claus is an important person on Christmas.  Santa has helpers Reindeer Rudolph, Frosty and elves. He has a white beard, white and red clothes. He is always merry. He comes from the North Pole and brings presents for children. He comes into children’s homes on Christmas Eve. Santa climbs down the chimney. He usually put presents in the Christmas stockings. Santa travels on eight reindeers. Traditionally, children in England at Christmas they write letters to Santa Claus. In these

letters, the children told him about how well they behave and what they would like to receive as a gift, and promise to behave well in the coming year.

Дед Мороз (Father Frost) – instead of Santa not coming on Christmas. He comes at New Year’s Eve, who wears a long blue or red шуба (fur coat), a matching шапка(hat) and валенки (felt boots) and carries gifts in a large мешок (sack) on his back. In addition to the sack with gifts, Grandfather Frost carries a magical посох (staff) that has the power заморозить (to freeze) everything around him. Unlike Santa, Grandfather Frost drives his magical тройка (a team of three horses). He is often accompanied by a figure from Russia fairy tail Снегурочка (the Snow Maiden). She wears a blue or white fur coat and has a long blond hear Goldilocks. Farher Frost has a helper Снеговик -почтовик too. Grandfather Frost's residence is situated in Velikii Ustug, the town on the north of Russia. 

Christmas Eve. Christmas Eve is on the 24th of December. On this day everybody is very busy. Offices close at 1 o’clock, but the shops stay open late.  Many churches hold a carol service where special hymns are sung. Sometimes carol –singers can be heard on the streets as they collect money for charity. Mestletoe is an evergreen plant with small leaves and small white berries. On Christmas Eve there is a bunch of mistletoe in every house. Under the bunch boys kiss girls. On Christmas Eve children hang their stockings on their beds put them under the Christmas tree. A Christmas stocking is not a real stocking. It is big and beautifully decorated.

 Father Christmas puts presents into them.

Christmas Eve in Russia is called Сочельник [sa-CHYEL'-nik]” after “sochivo”, the name of the meal to be eaten on that day. It is the last day of Christmas fast. On Christmas Eve it

was a custom not to eat anything before the appearance of the first star in the sky as a symbol of the Bethlehem star, which once showed the Magi to the cradle of the child Jesus.

According to the Russian Orthodox Church it is very important to prepare yourself for the birth of Jesus Christ by praying and fasting. However, not many families do that nowadays…

Fasting starts 40 days prior to Christmas and ends on Christmas day. That means that meat, fish, eggs or any other animal still not allowed until January 7. If you love singing   you   can   join   crowds of young people going from home to home singing Christmas carols or in Russian колядки [ka-LYAD-ki], and collecting treats. A Christmas church service, which happens the night of Christmas Eve, is attended by members of the Orthodox church. Even the President of Russia has begun attending these solemn, beautiful services in Moscow.

 Food. Traditional Christmas meal in England is a roast turkey- Christmas bird. People eat it on Christmas Day. They eat and potato, mince pies, Christmas pudding and Christmas cake. Christmas pudding is probably one of the richest desserts in the world. It is one of the favorite British food on Christmas. Christmas pudding was made many years ago. Now it is the highlight of Christmas dinner. Children often put holly on the pudding. Traditionally a coin is placed into the pudding. It brings good luck to a person who finds it.

In Russia the whole family gathers around the dinner table for Christmas. The dinner is called the Holly Dinner or in Russian - Святая вечеря [svya-TA-ya vi-CHYE-rya].  No Turkey? Oh No, What a Disappointment…No, turkey is not served at the Holy Dinner in Russian culture. So, what is served for Christmas dinner? Кутья [koo-TYA] Kutya. Kutya is a dish made from wheat, or other grains with honey and fruit. It symbolizes hope, peace and happiness. According to Russian tradition, it is essential to have 12 dishes at the Christmas table as a symbol of the 12 apostles.

Christmas Day. Christmas day is the biggest day of the holiday. On Christmas morning (often very early!), children open the presents that were in their socks. So many families go to church. It became a tradition to celebrate Christmas Day with plenty of eating and drinking. 

They will probably pull a cracker with another member of the family. It will make a loud crack and a colored hat, small toy and joke will fall out!

   Later in afternoon they may watch the Queen on television as she delivers her Christmas message to the United Kingdom.  People in Britain like the Christmas Day, because they have holidays, get and give very beautiful presents. All the people are happy and merry. The twelve days of Christmas: December 26th –January 6th. It is a holiday to stay with the family and visit friends.  Boxing Day comes after the Christmas Day. It is on the 26th of December. This day people don’t go to work. They visit friends or go to the theatre.

             
    For Russians, Christmas service is one of the most beautiful and important services in the  

   year. Nowadays, Christmas church services are shown on TV, so that you can be part of the big  

   holiday even if you are far away from a nearest church. Christmas services are held on the

   night of January 6 and are among the most beautiful services of the year. The days following

   Christmas, known as ‘Svyatki’, are the time for carnivals, games and fortune-telling. 

 In Russia there is no holiday more important than the New Year. It is the first on the calendar and in popularity. People see the New Year in at midnight on the 31st of December. They greet the New Year with champagne and listen to the Kremlin chimes beating 12 o'clock.

In Britain the New Year is not as widely celebrated as Christmas. But, until now, Christmas is less popular in Russia in contrast to Britain or the USA, where it is the greatest holiday of the year.

                          Заключение

  Thus, it is necessary to note as a result that the research confirms the theoretical information of the present question.

Differences: 1. Popularity

2. Date

3. Main character

4. Presents  

5. Meals

 6. Activities

Similarities: 1. Religious festival

2. Family festival

3. Celebrate in winter once a year

4. Christmas services

5. Last 10 days (December 26 – January 7, January 8 – January 18)

1.Christmas is the most popular celebration in the UK, but in Russia Christmas is not as popular as in Britain. New Year is the most popular. 2.  British people celebrate Christmas on December, 25th . We celebrate it on January, 7th. 3.   British children write letters to Father Christmas, Russian children sometimes write letters to Father Frost. 4.   British children act in nativity plays, Russian children don’t do it. 5. British people put up and decorate a Christmas tree and their houses on Christmas Eve, we don’t do it before Christmas, and we do it on New Year Eve. 7.  Father Christmas comes at Christmas night through the chimney, our Father Frost travels in a sleigh. 8. British children find their presents under the Christmas tree or in the stockings at the end of their beds. Our children find them under the New Year tree. 9. British children can find a chocolate sixpence in their stockings. Our children can find Russian chocolate coins in their presents.10.   In British crackers there are silly paper hats, jokes, and small presents, in our crackers there is confetti.11. British people listen to Queen’s speech on Christmas, our people don’t listen to Our President’s speech on Christmas, we listen to it at New Year Night.12. For Christmas British people eat roast turkey and Christmas pudding, mince pies. We eat roast goose. 13. British people sing in their Christmas carols, ‘We wish you a Merry Christmas…and a Happy New Year!’ Russian people sing other songs.