История развития Олимпийских игр

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Ancient Greece The Olympic Games appeared in 776 BC in Ancient Greece where people every four years held festivals to please the ancient God Zeus.

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The Revival of the Olympic Games Pierre de Coubertin suggested reviving The Olympic games at the Olympic Congress in 1894. Here the main principles of the Olympiad were declared. The IOC( International Olympic Committee) was founded. 1896- the first modern Olympic Games took place in the capital of Greece, Athens.

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Symbols of the Olympiad The flag At first it was officially presented on the VII th Olympic games (1920, Belgium ). The flag looks like a white canvas from silk, on which pictures of five rings of different colors are embroidered. Rings symbolize five continents. Red - America , black - Africa , blue - Europe , yellow – Asia , green - Australia . Before the lifting and descending of the Olympiad flag we can hear the Olympiad hymn ( the author is Spiros Samaras ). Before every Olympiad the IOC (International Olympic Committee) discusses possible variants of all symbols with the host country . Because of this fact , the rings can look differently in every Olympiad.

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The Olympiad fire The Olympiad fire is lighted in the games’ homeland - in Greece, in Athens . After that the fire is brought to the city, which organize the Olympic games, by different ways . The fire is brought by respectful people . In that main city the O lympiad fire is lighted on the opening day of the Olympiad by a great sportsman and it lights till the end of the Olympiad . Nowadays , the IOC makes the decision to limit the relay race’s delivering of the Olympiad fire. It is limited only by the territory of homeland. In every Olympiad people try to invent an original way to light a fire and bowl, where it burns . It is known when an Olympic fire was lighted by an arrow from the bow or in 2000 (Sydney, Australia) it had been u nder the water for about 3 minutes before it was lighted. Really different means were used a s a way of transportation from Greece. The most unusual and exotic ones are a frigate, which is named Cataluna , a Venetian gondola , a reindeer team , a supersonic plane , a laser beam. The tradition of lighting of the Olympiad started in Ancient Greece – according to the legend about Prometey who stole the fire from Zeus for having given it to people. In the modern Olympic games this tradition has been revived since 1928 ( IX th summer Olympic games , Amsterdam, Netherlands ). At first the fire was lighted in winter games in 1936 ( IV th games , Germany ).

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Other symbols An Olympic oath is pronounced from the name of all sportsmen . Firstly it was pronounced in the VII th Olympic Games ( 1920, Belgium ). “ From name of all sportsmen I promise that we will take part in these Olympic games, respect and comply their rules in a clear sporty spirit , in fame of sport and our teams’ honor " S ince the 1968 ( XIX th summer Olympic game, México, Mexico) , after the sportsmen’ oath , one of the judges pronounces the oath of judges. “ From name of all judges and officials I promise that we will do our duties in this Olympic games with a complete objectivity, respect and comply their rules in a clear sportive spirit "

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The Olympic motto It was taken from L atin " Citius , Altius , Fortius " (“ Faster , higher , stronger ") by Pier de Cuberten . It became an official motto in 1924 (VIII th summer Olympic games, Paris, France). О lympic medals There are three types of medals - gold , silver and bronze . The design of medals is unique for every Olympiad. Gold medals are usually made from silver covered with gold, silver medals- from silver, bronze medals- from cupper. The olive branch It is a minimized olive branch like a wreath. It is presented to a winner with a gold medal. This tradition of Antic Olympic games was returned in 2004 (XXVIII th summer games , Athens , Greece ). The branch is named “ k otinos ".

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Talismans and the logo These symbols are designed by an organization committee of homeland and they are claimed together with the IOC . For every Olympic games they are unique .

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Do you know that … On the Olympiad in 1896 the gymnastics included jumping in long, jumping with a pole , c limbing the rope, putting the shot. In the first Olympiads there were many strange types of sport. For example, throwing with both hands and putting the huge stone . In the Olympiad in 1900 in Paris there was swimming with barriers on 200 meters — swimmers needed to swim through loges u nder the water and to dive u nder the boat, which stood on the anchor . Since 1900 till 1920 tugging of the war was one of the Olympic sports .

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Do you know that … The eldest person who won an Olympic medal was Oscar Swan . He took the second place in competitions in shooting at the Olympics in 1920 in Sweden . He was 72 years old . Great Britain’s team that won the world championship in hockey in the framework of Winter Olympiad in 1936 consisted of the Canadians. Olympiads 1936 were opened by Adolf Hitler . Olympic games of 1980 in Moscow was the 22 nd summer ones , and Sochi is the 22 nd winter ones.

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Do you know that … In 1932 because of the Great Depre s sion the Brazilian government could not find money for a trip to Olympic Games in Los Angeles . Because of the lack of money for all sportsmen , only those ones who had chances for getting the medal were released from the ship. Then the ship went to San-Francisco, sold there a part of coffee , went back and set down one more part of athletes , but 15 Brazilian players , unfortunately, couldn’t arrive to Los-Angeles.

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Canada , the homeland of the Olympiad in 1976, did not win any gold medals ( 5 silver and 6 bronze ) – the first and the only time when they did not get main medals. Olympiad in 1976 in Montreal ( Canada) is the most expensive in a world history . It coasted 5 billion dollars, but in 2006 – 20 milliard. The city was paying for it till the 2006 . On Olympic logos the year is usually dated with two ( Barcelona -92) or four numbers ( Peking -2008 ). However, once the year had five numbers . It happened when the Olympiad took place in Rome — number 1960 was written as MCMLX .

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all the statists in the row did it. The effect was like tears were going down. In Moscow at the closing ceremony of the Olympic Games in 1980 one of the most memorable elements was the Olympic bear lined with shields , particularly the tear , which was included in the script by an accident. During the rehearsals a statist raised the shield wrong. When the organizer told to change the side of the shield

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In 1984 Mc Donald ’ s started a marketing action in Los-Angeles for the Olympiad. For every bronze medal won by the American sportsmen visitors were presented by a free glass of Coca-Cola , for a silver one – a portion of Potato Free , for a gold one — Big Mack . However, this action led the company to a financial catastrophe because of the decision of the Soviet government not to send the delegation to this Olympiad. As a result, Americans won more medals then they had planned .

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The longest marathon ( till 2014) was the Olympic fire marathon in Vancouver in 2010. 12 000 participants were running through 200 cities and towns during 106 days . Winter Olympiad in Sochi 2014 The Olympic fire marathon : 123 days , 65 000 km through 9 time belts , 2900 cities and towns , 14 000 participants. The main geographical points are the bottom of the Baikal Lake and Elbrus peak, the North Pole and the National park « Kurshskaya Kosa », the museum « Kizhi » in Karelia and « Yasnaya Polyana » in Tula region . The Olympic fire was brought by car, railway, air, sea and undersea. Some unusual means of transport are funicular, the Russian troika and the space rocket. The false snow was first used on the XIII rd Winter Olympic Games in the USA in Lake Placid in 1980 .

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Thank you for your attention! Sites which were used : http :// olimpikgames.ucoz.ru http://www.olympichistory.info http :// factopedia.ru http:// 1001fact.ru http :// muzey-factov.ru