Объединенное Королевство

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the United Kingdom ( UK ) is a sovereign state located off the north-western coast of continental Europe . The country includes the island of Great Britain (a term sometimes loosely applied to the whole state), the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another state: the Republic of Ireland . Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea in the east, the English Channel in the south and the Irish Sea in the west.

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The UK's form of government is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system and its capital city is London . The current British monarch —since 6 February 1952—is Queen Elizabeth II. The United Kingdom consists of four countries : England , Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland . The latter three have devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in their capital cities, Edinburgh , Cardiff and Belfast , respectively. Guernsey , Jersey and the Isle of Man are Crown dependencies and are not part of the UK. [ 16 ] The United Kingdom has fourteen British Overseas Territories . These are remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, encompassed almost a quarter of the world's land mass and was the largest empire in history .

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The United Kingdom is a developed country and has the world's sixth-largest economy by nominal GDP and eighth-largest by purchasing power parity. It was the world's first industrialised country and the world's foremost power during the 19th and early 20th centuries. The UK remains a great power with considerable economic, cultural, military, scientific and political influence internationally. It is a recognised nuclear weapons state and its military expenditure ranks fourth in the world. The UK has been a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council since its first session in 1946.

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coat of arms of great Britain

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The flag of great Britain

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Geography The total area of the United Kingdom is approximately 243,610 square kilometres (94,060 sq mi). The country occupies the major part of the British Isles archipelago and includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern one-sixth of the island of Ireland and some smaller surrounding islands. It lies between the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea with the south-east coast coming within 22 miles (35 km) of the coast of northern France, from which it is separated by the English Channel . England accounts for just over half of the total area of the UK, covering 130,395 square kilometres (50,350 sq mi). Most of the country consists of lowland terrain, with mountainous terrain north-west of the Tees-Exe line ; including the Cumbrian Mountains of the Lake District, the Pennines and limestone hills of the Peak District , Exmoor and Dartmoor . England's highest mountain is Scafell Pike (978 metres (3,209 ft)) in the Lake District Its principal rivers are the Severn, Thames, Humber, Tees, Tyne, Tweed, Avon, Exe and Mersey.

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Scotland accounts for just under a third of the total area of the UK, covering 78,772 square kilometres (30,410 sq mi) and including nearly eight hundred islands , predominantly west and north of the mainland; notably the Hebrides , Orkney Islands and Shetland Islands. Wales accounts for less than a tenth of the total area of the UK, covering 20,779 square kilometres (8,020 sq mi). Wales is mostly mountainous, though South Wales is less mountainous than North and mid Wales . The main population and industrial areas are in South Wales, consisting of the coastal cities of Cardiff, Swansea and Newport, and the South Wales Valleys to their north. Northern Ireland accounts for just 14,160 square kilometres (5,470 sq mi) and is mostly hilly

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Ben Nevis, in Scotland, is the highest point in the British Isles.

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Dependencies The United Kingdom has sovereignty over seventeen territories which do not form part of the United Kingdom itself: fourteen British Overseas Territories and three Crown Dependencies. The fourteen British Overseas Territories are: Anguilla; Bermuda; the British Antarctic Territory; the British Indian Ocean Territory; the British Virgin Islands; the Cayman Islands; the Falkland Islands; Gibraltar; Montserrat; Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha; the Turks and Caicos Islands; the Pitcairn Islands; South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands; and the Sovereign Base Areas on Cyprus. British claims in Antarctica are not universally recognised . Collectively Britain's overseas territories encompass an approximate land area of 1,727,570 square kilometres (667,018 sq mi) and a population of approximately 260,000 people.

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They are the remnants of the British Empire and several have specifically voted to remain British territories (Bermuda in 1995, Gibraltar in 2002 and the Falkland Islands in 2013). The Crown Dependencies are British possessions of the Crown , as opposed to overseas territories of the UK. They comprise the Channel Island Bailiwicks of Jersey and Guernsey in the English Channel and the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea .

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Politics The United Kingdom is a unitary state under a constitutional monarchy . Queen Elizabeth II is the head of state of the UK as well as monarch of fifteen other independent Commonwealth countries . The monarch has "the right to be consulted, the right to encourage, and the right to warn". The United Kingdom is one of only four countries in the world to have an uncodified constitution . The Constitution of the United Kingdom thus consists mostly of a collection of disparate written sources, including statutes , judge-made case law and international treaties, together with constitutional conventions .

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attractions Big Ben Big Ben is the most famous and recognizable landmark London. In the complex of the Palace of Westminster is the clock tower, which is popularly called big Ben. In fact, big Ben is the bell in the clock tower. Bell, whose weight is equal to 13.7 tonnes , are cast under the leadership of Benjamin Hall. There is an assumption that it was his name that gave the name to the chief bell London big Ben (Big Ben). Itself clock tower has a height of 96.3 meters, including the spire. Watch diameter of the dial 7 meters, there are 55 metres from the earth. Their arrows have the length of 2.7 meter and 4,2 meters.

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The Palace of Westminster The Palace of Westminster is the Holy of holies of the English Parliament, situated on the shores of the Thames . From the middle ages until we got only a reception Hall, and the jewel tower, built as a repository for the Royal Treasury Edward III.

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Buckingham Palace Buckingham Palace is the largest Royal Palace in the world, is now the official residence of Queen Elizabeth II. In 1762 George III buys it for his residence of the Duke of Buckingham. Officially became a Royal Palace under Queen Victoria. The interior decoration in beige and gold colours . The Palace is located in the territory of 20 hectares, 17 of which is occupied by gardens. In the collection of the picture gallery of Buckingham Palace includes works by Rubens, Rembrandt and many other great artists.

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Castle Howard Castle Howard near York is one of the most beautiful architectural buildings in the Baroque style in the UK. The British call this castle «stately home». Inside the premises are not as luxurious as the outside, because the lock will never served for some ceremonial or public functions is Not less famous than the castle itself, has a surrounding Park. It takes about 4 thousand hectares, the Park is a lake view, which is simply amazing. Also include a rose garden, which collected the most rare and exquisite views of roses from all over the world. The Park also has a garden, which is the largest private collection of plants in Europe.

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