Реферативная работа "Британская кухня"

Опубликовано Лебедева Варвара Валерьевна вкл 16.11.2013 - 8:48

Автор:

Кахаева Лола

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School Scientific and Practical Conference "Intelligence and Creativity"

Course Paper

«British cuisine»

Student: Kakhaeva Lola

Form: the 5 th B

Checked by: V.V. Chebotareva

Position: English teacher

Bratsk, 2013

Content …………………………………………………………………………………………...... 2

Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………… 3

1. Food founded in Great Britain………………………………………………………………….. 4

2. Traditional British dishes………………………………………………………………………… 5

3. Traditional British drinks………………………………………………………………………… 6

Conclusion.…………………………………………………………….………..………………….. 8

References………………………………………………………………………………………….. 9

Introduction

Some people criticize English food. They say it's unimaginable, boring, tasteless, it's chips with everything and totally overcooked vegetables. The basic ingredients, when fresh, are so full of flavour that British haven't had to invent sauces to disguise their natural taste. What can compare with fresh pees or new potatoes just boiled and served with butter? Why drown spring lamb in wine or cream and spices, when with just one or two herbs it is absolutely delicious?

If you ask foreigners to name some typically English dishes, they will probably say "Fish and chips" then stop. It is disappointing, but true that, there is no tradition in England of eating in restaurants, because the food doesn't lend itself to such preparation. English cooking is found at home. So it is difficult to a good English restaurant with reasonable prices.

In most cities in Britain you'll find Indian, Chinese, French and Italian restaurants. In London you'll also find Indonesian, Mexican, Greek... Cynics will say that this is because English have no "cuisine" themselves, but this is not quite the true.

"Harry’s mouth fell open. The dishes in front of him were now piled with food. He had never seen so many things he liked to eat on one table: roast beef, roast chicken, pork chops and lamb chops, Yorkshire pudding, peas, carrots, gravy, ketchup and, for some strange reason, mint humbugs."

Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone, J. K. Rowling

This page contains some of England's most popular traditional dishes. Traditional British dishes have had competition from other dishes over the years. Despite this, if you visit England, Scotland or Wales, you can still be served up the traditional foods we have been eating for years.

1. Food founded in England

Changes in diet over the Years

Britain is an island between the North Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. No one in England lives more than 120 km (75 miles) from the sea. For people living near the sea, fish and shellfish have always been popular foods.

Away from the sea, people first ate wild animals, but then hundreds of years ago they began keeping sheep, cows and chickens on farms. Farmers have grown fruit, vegetables and cereals (for bread making) for centuries too.

During the Middle Ages (11th to 15th Century), Ships brought sugar, nuts and spices from far away. The spices were often used to hide the taste of the food which was going bad! When sailors went to foreign places they bought back more kinds of food.

When fridges and freezes were invented, people could keep food much longer.

What food was "invented" or discovered in England?

1762: The sandwich was invented in England.

We have a town named Sandwich in the south of England. John Montagu, the Earl of Sandwich invented a small meal that could be eaten with one hand while he continued his nonstop gambling.

1902: Marmite was invented in England.

Marmite is dark brown-coloured savoury spread made from the yeast that is a by-product of the brewing industry. It has a very strong, slightly salty flavour. It is definitely a love-it-or-hate-it type of food.

HP Sauce was invented in England at the end of the 19th century by Mr FG Garton, a Nottingham grocer. He was down on his luck and couldn't pay his bills, so when Edwin Samson Moore, owner of the Midland Vinegar Company, offered to cancel his debt with the company and pay him £150 for the recipe, plus the use of the name HP, Garton jumped at the chance.

Moore had been looking around for some time for a sauce to manufacture and market. He liked both the taste and the name of Garton's HP Sauce, which had an appropriately patriotic ring to it. The HP stood for Houses of Parliament, as it was rumoured that the sauce had been seen gracing the tables of one of the dining rooms there.

1837: John Lea and William Perrins of Worcester, England started manufacturing Worcester Sauce (Worcestershire).

Worcester sauce was originally an Indian recipe, brought back to Britain by Lord Marcus Sandys, ex-Governor of Bengal. He asked two chemists, John Lea and William Perrins, to make up a batch of sauce from his recipe.

2. Traditional British Food

Whenever people visit the British Isles, they just cannot get over the wonderful taste of British cuisine. Although it has been the subject of much ridicule from its European counterparts, British cuisine has one of the longest histories besides being a great dining experience. Some of the finest restaurants in the world serve British cuisine. With the increasing diversity of the population, many new cultures and influences have penetrated the preparation of British food in the country.

Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner and Supper

You cannot really start your day in Britain without having the traditional full English breakfast. This staple of British cuisine has been the standard starting meal for the British throughout their history. A full English breakfast comprise of bacon, sausages, fried tomatoes, fried eggs and toast. Some may select scrambled eggs instead of fried ones and modern versions of the meal do include mushrooms and baked beans. Another item found on the dish but is definitely not for the faint hearted is black pudding, a blood sausage that is made to look like pudding. Some love it, some hate it, it is a matter of personal choice.

After breakfast is done, we move on to the traditional lunch. Lunch is somewhat similar to the Sunday dinner in an American home where it is a big occasion for the whole family. There is often the all-important roast which is a piece of roast meat from either chicken, pork, beef or lamb, served with roast potatoes and boiled cabbages. A favorite accompaniment for the dish is Yorkshire pudding, a kind of roasted bread made from baked dough. Other veg also accompany the dish including the British favorite – roast potatoes!

When the clock strikes five, it signals the start of tea-time. Given the British’s penchant for drinking tea, you can imagine this is a favorite meal for them. Tea-time usually consists of biscuits and cakes to go with the tea. There are many traditional biscuits and cakes that are usually served such as scones, shortbread biscuits and jam tarts. Traditionally these items are made from scratch but you can also buy them in bakeries and supermarkets. Be warned though, you can never beat the taste and flavor or homemade scones.

Supper is a small meal just before you go to bed. Some people would just have cocoa and cheese while others might have bread with ham and a cup of tea. Whatever it is, you just can’t ignore supper time when you look for influences on British cuisine.

There are a few traditional dishes that have made British cuisine popular the world over. How many times have you encountered fish and chips or steak and kidney pie on your travels around the world. However, you may not know that the traditional fish and chips in Britain are eaten with salt and vinegar whereas in its overseas version ketchup and tartar sauce are the usual dips that accompany the meal.

3. Traditional Drinks in Britain

According to the words of a once popular song: 'everything stops for tea', and at one time it was certainly the most popular drink in England - far more so than coffee.

Britain is a tea-drinking nation. Every day we drink 165 million cups of the stuff and each year around 144 thousand tons of tea are imported.

Tea in Britain is traditionally brewed in a warmed china teapot, adding one spoonful of tea per person and one for the pot. Most Britons like their tea strong and dark, but with a lot of milk. Interesting fact that the milk was poured into the cup first, so as not to crack the porcelain years ago.

The traditional way of making tea is:

Boil some fresh cold water. (We use an electric kettle to boil water)
Put some hot water into the teapot to make it warm.
Pour the water away
Put one teaspoon of tea-leaves per person, and one extra tea-spoon, into the pot.
Pour boiling water onto the tea.
Leave for a few minutes.
Serve

Tea Words and phrases

Tea break, High tea, tea time, tea party, tea towel and many more terms have derived from the tradition of drinking tea.

Tea breaks are when tea and biscuits are served. The traditional time for tea breaks are at 11:00 am (Elevensee) and 4 pm in the afternoon.

If something is not quite to your taste, it’s probably 'not your cup of tea'. e.g. Windsurfing is not my cup of tea.

If someone asks you if you 'would like a cuppa', they are asking if you would like a cup of tea.

If someone says 'let me be mother' or 'shall I be mother', they are offering to pour out the tea from the teapot.

Coffee

Coffee is now as popular in Britain as tea is. People either drink it with milk or have it black and either have freshly - made coffee or instant coffee.

Conclusion

English people have a special cuisine. Traditional English dishes include fish and chips, roast beef, steak, pudding and some others. It’s natural that all types of food can be found in English restaurants nowadays. For example, fans of Japanese food will easily find sushi in English cities, fans of Italian food, will easily find all sorts of pasta and pizza in England. However, many people want to try traditional British cuisine when visiting England.

For breakfast English people prefer either oatmeal or cereal with milk, fried eggs with bacon, a glass of orange juice or a cup of fresh coffee. During lunch many people are away at work, or at school, so they carry their lunch with them. It usually consists of a couple of delicious sandwiches with ham, cheese and fresh vegetables, and a small pack of juice. Many Englishmen drink 5 o’clock tea with cookies. It’s a kind of English siesta.

For dinner families usually gather around the dining-table to chat and to share some tasty dishes. Among them steaks or fish, steamed vegetables, rice, fresh salad, and a glass of wine or beer, depending on tastes. Children drink either water, or tea. English families often go out for an evening meal, especially on Friday nights. Traditional English cuisine contains many interesting recipes, but probably the most famous of all is “Fish & Chips”. This dish consists of fried chops from fish and French fries. On special occasions English people often serve roast turkey and traditional pudding.

Many people tend to criticize the English cuisine, nevertheless, it has a certain charm and value.

References

Ералаш

Фотографии кратера Королёва на Марсе

Агния Барто. Сережа учит уроки

Сказка "Дятел, заяц и медведь"

Старинная английская баллада “Greensleeves” («Зеленые рукава»)