"Проблемы экологии и пути их решения"

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Ecology is a science about nature and about the relations of man with it. Practically, it is a science studying whether we, human beings keep our common house, our Planet Earth, in a good state and how we use the gifts it is giving us: water, air, land, minerals , plants, animals, etc. Do you love nature?

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We are really one with nature, our planet and the Universe being connected with them by ever cell of our being. The feeling of being one with the world is very ancient. It is expressed in many old books and myths of different countries. For instance, Chief Seattle in his famous speech at a tribal meeting in 1854 expressed the feeling of North American Indians as follows: “Every part of this earth is sacred to my people. We are part of the earth and it is part of us .”

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The some wonderful feeling of being one with nature was always typical also for Russian people in old times. Every Russian village family had the images of nature everywhere in the house – the flowers on the cups, bed covers and clothes, the leaves on the towels.

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Unfortunately, later our technical civilization thinking only of material goods succeeded in destroying Nature and create the ecological crisis on our planet. And it is your challenge, young people, to restore an ecological balance on our planet and to leave it clean and healthy for future generations.

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Remember , Russia, you are great Not in the field of battles past But in the green fields full of wheat And forests, gardens, free of dust. I love you deeply, dear land, Your hills and rivers, sand on strand Your songs and dances, lakes and seas Your beasts and fish, birds in trees. Your sunrise in a splendid sight Which gives me always such delight! Oh, Russia, I’m in love with you!

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Environment and ecology Ecology is the science of how living things are related to their environment . Many Americans are concerted about their ecology today. They are concerned about protecting the environment from pollution, overcrowding, and destruction of natural resources. These are the names of the environmental problems of today :

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overcrowding , overpopulation

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Littering

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Destruction of natural resources

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Water pollution

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Endangered species, animals which are almost extinct

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Air pollution, smog

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When air, land, or water becomes dirty, we say it is polluted. We know that polluted air, land, and water are harmful to plants, animals, and people. We are the caretakers of the earth. How can we keep our earth clean? Keeping the Earth clean

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Reuse bags, containers, paper, boxes, and other items. Buy reusable products. Select products with the least wasteful packaging. Buy products that can be recycled and make sure to recycle them. Buy products made of recycled materials. Buy, sell, or donate used goods such as clothes, furniture, and appliances. Make sure your water faucets are turned off when you're not using them. Be creative- look opportunities to reduce trash! Tips for the environmentally aware

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HOW LONG LITTER LASTS

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2-4 weeks a year traffic ticket 3 months 2 months 15 days banana peel 6 months 3 months

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1 year 6 months wool sock 5 years 1 year 5 years 1 year wax paper cup 3 years 5 years

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1 year 5 years painted wooden stake 13 years 13 years 1 year 4 years wooden stake 13 years 4 years

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Up to 200 years Up to 100 years aluminum can Up to 500 years plastic bottle 25 years 100 years tin can 50 years 100 years up to 500 years

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Forever 100 years glass container Up to 500 years forever

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We must sort rubbish

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These days people have realized now important their environment is. They read newspapers and find out that in one year a European family throws away a lot of wastes: about 50 kilos of paper and about 60 kilos of plastic.

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Some people throw away cans of drink plastic packaging, drop their cigarette packets without a thought. But many kinds of domestic rubbish can be still useful. Most kinds of and paper, metal, plastic can be recycled. .

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Trash Becomes New Products RUBBER METAL GLASS ALUMINUM CLOTH NEWSPAPERS PLASTICS

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Buy recycled and recyclable items when purchasing new products. This bag is not a toy – keep away from children. This bag is reusable . This bag is recyclable . This bag can be reused and it recyclable. Do not litter after use. This logo indicates the item is made from recycled materials . This logo indicates the item can be recycled.

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Rec ycle aluminium cans Making aluminium from recycled aluminium uses 90% less energy than making aluminium from scratch .

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If you throw an aluminium can out of the train window, it will still litter the Earth up to 500 years later . When you toss out one aluminium can you waste as much energy as if you’d filled the same can half of full of gasoline and poured it onto the ground. Recycle !!! Участвуйте в переработке !!!

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Fact : Americans use 2,5 million plastic bottles every year. These bottles Can't be recycle bland won‘t ever degrade. What To Do : Only buy soda and other drinks in aluminum cans or glass bottles. Buy milk or juice in cars ones. Then recycle them . Don't Buy Drinks in Plastic Bottles

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Не покупайте напитки в пластиковых бутылках

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Use paper, not plastic FACT: It takes a whole tree to make about 500 paper grocery bags. But plastic bags are worse because they can't be recycled, and the plastic will never decompose.

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Используйте бумагу, а не пластик

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Recycle newspapers Recycled paper could easily be substituted for virgin paper in many cases without any loss of quality.

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Making newspaper from « old » paper uses 30% - 50% less energy than making paper from trees ; and it reduced air pollution by 95%.

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RESUSE OLD NEWPAPERES!!! It takes an entire forest – over 500,000 trees – to supply Americans with their Sunday newspapers every week. Americans use 50 million tons of paper annually – which means we consume more than 850 million trees. That means the average American uses about 580 pounds of paper each year!

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Fact American offices throw away enough paper every year to build a wall 12 feet high across the country. But, right now we save 200 million at paper a year by recycling.

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What to do Most paper thrown away in the office just has printing on one side. Ask your parents to bring home some of this paper so you can use the blank side for writing or drawing, or cut it into smaller sizes and staple it together to make note pads.

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Fact It takes 500,000 trees just to make the newspapers we read every Sunday.

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What to do Save your family’s newspapers. Find out to recycle newspapers in your area.

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FACT : Americans throw out 2,5 billion pounds of batteries year. Toxic chemicals in batter as can be released into the en ironmen, as specially if they are darned. What to do : Save your old batteries and take them to a recycling centre . Dot's throw your old batteries in the trash.

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Нельзя бросать старые батарейки в мусорное ведро.

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Fact : Litter is not o nly ugly , but it can be harmful to wildlife . Small animals can get hurt on sharp cans or broken bottles . What to do : Pick up litter you see as you are walking . Throw away trash . Recycle bottes and cans . Pick up litter

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Подбирайте мусор

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Find the leaky toilets in your house . FA C T : A leaky toilet can waste 20, 000 gallons of year . That's enough to fill up a swimming pool . Find the leaky faucets in your house FACT : A leaky faucet can waste 3,000 gallons of water a year. W H AT TO DO : Check all the faucets in your house . Check the ones outside , too , where the garden hose is . Make sure than it is turned off , then watch for a minute to make sure thet there are no drips . If there are , get someone to fix it . Save water

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Экономьте воду

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Turn out the lights and appliances when you are not using them FACT : The electric company burns coal to produce the energy that keeps your lights on. That burning coal gives off gases that cause the greenhouse effect and acid rain. WHAT TO DO : Turn off the lights when you leave the room, and turn off the lights in the room that you really don’t need. In the daytime , sit closer to the window to read instead of turning on a light. Turn off the TV or the stereo when you aren’t watching or listening.

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Выключайте свет и электроприборы, когда вы ими не пользуетесь

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Here are some ways in which you, your friends and your family can begin trying to save the Earth right now : 1. Try not to waste energy. 2. Keep yourself informed about environmental problems. 3. Before you throw anything away, stop and think. Might someone else have a use for it? 4. Take as much rubbish as you can to local recycling centres .

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5. If you have a choice avoid buying packaged goods. 6. Don’t waste paper. 7. Before you buy anything, ask yourself if you really need it. 8. Walk or cycle whenever possible. 9. Never drop litter. 10. Help to clean up your local environment. 11. Try to reduce noise pollution. 12. Put out food for wild animals in winter.

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Keep your country tidy!