Семь чудес света

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The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus The temple was built in 560 BC. By the last king of Lydia, Croesus, who was famous for his enormous wealth. The temple dedicated to the goddess of the moon, patroness of animals and young girls. It was built of limestone and marble. It was one of the largest temples of the classics, much exceed the size of the Parthenon.

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Two hundred years later, in 356 BC., the temple was burned down by a man named Herostrat. Years later, Alexander the Great visited Ephesus and ordered to restore the temple. Church of Alexander lasted until century BC.

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Today, the temple at Ephesus was kept only a few blocks of the base and a restored column.

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Colossus of Rhodes Colossus called the giant statue that stood in the port city on Rhodes, an island in the Aegean Sea, off the coast of modern Turkey. In ancient times the inhabitants of Rhodes wanted to be independent traders. At the end of IV century BC the people of Rhodes celebrated victory over the Greeks. People have decided to build a statue of revered god of the sun Helios, to thank him for his intercession.

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We do not know exactly how the statue looked like and where she stood. The statue was made of bronze and reaches a height of about 33 meters. It was created by sculptor Haret, its construction took 12 years.

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Archeologists suggest that the statue stood in the center of the city and looked at the sea and the harbor. During the earthquake, 50 years after construction, the Colossus fell, fractures to knee level.

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Today, on both sides of the mouth of the harbor of Rhodes are on the columns of bronze deer. Deer emblem of Rhodes, part of modern Greece.

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Mavsol was governor. Halicarnassus was the capital of the region. Mavsol married his sister Artemisia. He decided to build a tomb for himself and his queen. Mavsol dreamed of a grand monument that would remind the world about his wealth and power. He died before finishing work on the tomb. Continued to lead the construction of Artemisia. The tomb was built in 350 BC.It was called the Mausoleum by the name of the king. The Mausoleum of Halicarnassus

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The ashes of the royal couple kept in golden urns in the tomb at the base of the building. A number of stone lions guarding this room. The very structure is reminiscent of a Greek temple surrounded by columns and statues. At the top of the building was stepped pyramid. At a height of 43 m above the ground it was a sculpture - horses. Probably it stood statues of the king and queen .

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After eighteen centuries earthquake destroyed the mausoleum to the ground. Three hundred more years passed before the archaeologists began excavations. In 1857, all the finds were transported to the British Museum in London. Now in the place where once was the Mausoleum, there was only a handful of stones.

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In the III century BC. was built a lighthouse to ships could safely pass the reefs on the way to Alexandria Bay. At night, they helped in the reflection of flames. It was the first lighthouse in the world, and he stood for 1500 years. The lighthouse was built on a small island of Pharos in the Mediterranean Sea off the coast of Alexandria. For its construction took 20 years, and it was completed around 280 BC Lighthouse of Alexandria

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The lighthouse consisted of three marble towers that stood on the basis of massive stone blocks. At the top of the tower stood a statue of Zeus the Savior. The total height of the lighthouse was 117 feet. The fire was burning in the upper tower, which is shaped like a cylinder. The flame was a bronze plate, guiding light in the sea. With the ship you could see this beacon at a distance of 50 km.

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In the XIV century, the lighthouse was destroyed by an earthquake. Its fragments used in the construction of a military fort. Fort repeatedly rebuilt and still stands on the site of the first lighthouse in the world.

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The Great Pyramid of Giza The Great Pyramid was built as the tomb of Khufu or Cheops. He was one of the pharaohs of ancient Egypt. The tomb was completed in 2580 BC Later, at Giza was built two more pyramids, for the son and grandson of Khufu, and smaller pyramids for queens.

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For the construction of Great Pyramid 100 000 people took 20 years. It was created from more than 2 million stone blocks, each of which weighed not less than 2,5 tones. Workers dragged them to the place, using ramps, blocks and levers, and then customized to each other without mortar. Upon completion, the Great Pyramid rose to 147 meters.

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Now its top collapsed. Only one son of Khufu pyramid at the top of his preserved lime lining. Egyptian pyramid is the oldest of the seven wonders of antiquity. This is the only of the wonders, preserved to this day. During its creation, the Great Pyramid was the tallest building in the world. And she kept this record for almost 4000 years.

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The Hanging Gardens of Babylon The gardens were built around 600 BC by order of Nebuchadnezzar II, ruler of Babylon. The king ordered the construction of gardens for homesick young wife Amitis that they reminded her native Persian mountains.

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The Hanging Gardens were built by the river and watched the city walls of Babylon. They were arranged in the form of terraces. The top-most of them towered above the ground at 40 meters. Nebuchadnezzar commanded to plant in the garden every imaginable species of trees and flowers. They were brought across the Empire in carts and river barges.

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The Hanging Gardens were one of the most famous wonders of the ancient city of Babylon. However, while archaeologists and found the alleged remains of the gardens, to prove that it is they can not. We know only one thing: the gardens did exist, because people have seen and describe them.

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Statue of Zeus at Olympia Nearly 3000 years ago Olympia was an important religious center of South Eastern Greece. The ancient Greeks worshiped Zeus, king of the gods. In the V century BC the citizens of Olympia decided to build a temple of Zeus. Within a few years after construction of the temple was not worthy of the statue of Zeus.

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As the creator of the statue was elected to the famous Athenian sculptor Phidias. First it was created a wooden frame, the backbone of the statue of Zeus. He was then covered with plates of ivory, representing the skin of a god, and gold leaf, depicting his attire. Zeus was seated on a throne, inlaid with ebony and precious stones. The finished statue reaches 13 m in height and almost touched the ceiling of the temple. Near the wall was erected a platform for the audience so people could see the face of God.

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After its completion in 435 BC Statue for 800 years remained one of the greatest wonders of the world. In 391 AD, after the adoption of Christianity, the Romans closed the Greek temples. Statue of Zeus was moved to Constantinople.

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In 462 BC palace, where stood the statue was destroyed by fire. In the Olympic field in the VI century, an earthquake happened. The temple was destroyed by floods, and its remains are covered with silt.

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Made by Dina Kabaloeva Form 11 ‘V’