"The History and Development of Underground" - научно-исследовательский проект по английскому языку к уроку конференции "Великие научные изобретения".

Слайд презентации

Текст проекта

The Wood Rails.

Long time tracks were constructed only on mines, but then were extended passenger roads with horse draught. The rails were wooden.

First Steam Locomotive.

History of locomotive combines in itself two histories: history of rail way and history of locomotive. In the XVIII century rails were made from cast-iron, and at the beginning of the XIX century - from soft iron. First such railroad was arranged in 1801 in England. Locomotive could be used only after the great invention of Uatta. As soon as a steam engine got some distribution, there were a lot of inventors, which tried to use a steam engine as an engine for an automotive wagon. So the first locomotive appeared.

The First Underground.

                                                                         
On the10th of January,1863  in London the first in the world line of outstreet railway was opened for trains with steam traction, built a firm "Metropolitan Railway". The extent of this area of underground passage made a 3,6 km, there were 7 stations. In spite of that trains, plying on it, worked on coal, soot which made passengers black. The British people liked them. Already about 30 thousand of people took advantage of new type of transport in the first day.

London Underground in 1863.

LL

London was the first city to have a subway. Today, London has 10 lines that provide quick, cheap transportation to all parts of the city and suburbs. This subway system is often called the tube or the underground. London’s first subway line was opened in 1863.

First Russian Underground.

The subway in Russia first appeared in 1935, but at first it was a secret subway. The general extent of way was 54 kilometers. The construction of Russian underground cost 155 million roubles. Passing the great number of instances, project, finally, was taken into discussion. In 1918 Moscow got the status of the capital of the USSR. People began to use Moscow underground.

Russian Underground now.

Moscow underground is the largest in terms of passenger numbers, with more than a billion passenger journeys a year. Some underground stations are very beautiful and include sculptures, mosaic pictures in the ceilings, picturesque decorations. The price of a metro ticket is less than 25 roubles.

English Underground now.

The English underground which is the largest in terms of kilometers covered. It is often called the “Subway” and is one of the cheapest, with a single journey to and fro  just 2$. It is characterized by the fact that its lines are named by numbers and letters and has carriages that are heated in winter and air conditioner in summer.  

Japanese Underground now.

The Japan subway, which became notorious in 1995 when Aum Shinri Kyo cult used Sarin gas on a train, killed 12 people. However, it is one of the safest underground systems an generally people characterize it as the world’s best in terms of ease of use and comfort.

The Underground…

The underground exists in any country; it spreads throughout the world in a century. It facilitates people’s life, as it moves a person very quickly. Though the underground is not in all cities of the world, but it is very developed. The underground is the greatest invention for convenience of the people.