Презентация по английскому языку "London sights"

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For many years of its history the Tower served different functions. In the middle ages in its walls were minted in the coin. Later there were kept the paper of the state archive and was Observatory, until it is transferred to Greenwich. Here was located the oldest in the London zoo. And already from the very beginning of its existence, the tower of London, like many other medieval castles, served not only a fortress and a Palace, and a prison. However, the Tower - not just a regular castle. The Tower of London, how we see it in our days, is a complex of buildings from different periods, enclosed within two rows of the strong walls with crenellated towers and massive gate. The oldest part of the tower of London and at the same time the most ancient in our days architectural monument of London - the White tower, which started about 1078 and finished in 1097 year. A huge, massive, blackened from the time of construction with the crenelated walls and the four towers at the corners and there is the White tower. This name, it may be received because the walls were whitened in the XIII century.

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Big Ben is the nickname for the great bell of the clock at the north end of the Palace of Westminster in London , and often extended to refer to the clock and the clock tower . The tower is now officially called the Elizabeth Tower, after being renamed to celebrate the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II. The Elizabeth Tower holds the largest four-faced chiming clock in the world and is the third-tallest free-standing clock tower . The tower was completed in 1858 and had its 150th anniversary on 31 May 2009 , during which celebratory events took place . The Elizabeth Tower has become one of the most prominent symbols of both London and England and is often in the establishing shot of films set in the city .

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Despite being one of the world's most famous tourist attractions , the interior of the tower is not open to overseas visitors , though United Kingdom residents are able to arrange tours ( well in advance ) through their Member of Parliament . However , the tower has no lift , so those escorted must climb the 334 limestone stairs to the top . Due to changes in ground conditions since construction , the tower leans slightly to the north-west , by roughly 230 millimetres (9.1 in ) over 55 m height , giving an inclination of approximately 1/240. This includes a planned maximum of 22 mm increased tilt due to tunnelling for the Jubilee Line extension ) . Due to thermal effects it oscillates annually by a few millimetres east and west .

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Journalists during Queen Victoria's reign called it St Stephen's Tower . As MPs originally sat at St Stephen's Hall , these journalists referred to anything related to the House of Commons as news from " St Stephens “ . On 2 June 2012, The Daily Telegraph reported that 331 Members of Parliament , including senior members of all three main parties , supported a proposal to change the name from Clock Tower to " Elizabeth Tower" in tribute to the Queen in her Diamond Jubilee year . This is thought to be appropriate because the large west tower now known as Victoria Tower was renamed in tribute to Queen Victoria on her Diamond Jubilee .

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Buckingham Palace - the official London residence of the British monarch (currently Queen Elizabeth II). Is located across the street Pall Mall and Green Park with white marble with gilded monument of Queen Victoria. When the monarch is located in the Palace, over the roof of the Palace of the Royal standard flies. Originally Buckingham Palace was known as Buckingham house, and was built for the Duke of Buckingham (1703). The Palace was officially announced as the main residence of British monarchs during the accession to the throne of Queen Victoria in 1837. In her reign were made last great additions, the construction of another wing and transfer of the former Grand entrance, Marble arch, to its present location near public speaking corner in Hyde Park. In front of the Palace gates there is a monument in honour of Queen Victoria.

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Ballroom of the Palace in 1856. In 1853, was completed the most spacious and richly trimmed with the building of the Palace - the ballroom, the length of which is 36 meters, and the width - 18 meters. It was built on the orders of the Queen Victoria and used for the first time in 1856 for the reception in honour of the Crimean war. In spite of the luxury apartments of the Palace, which houses many of family heirlooms, not all those who lived in it were happy. In his memoirs, the Duke of Windsor wrote that a huge Palace «with its large meeting rooms and endless corridors seemed to be filled with the smell of mold, which I still feel every time when I enter into him.» The interiors and features The original Georgian town interior included the artificial marble and blue and pink lapis. King Edward VII greatly altered it in style of the French Belle Époque in cream and gold tones. Many of the small reception rooms have been furnished in a Chinese style furniture of the Royal pavilion in Brighton and from Carlton house. At the present time the Palace includes 775 rooms. 19 of them are public rooms, 52 Royal and guest, 188 for the staff, 92 office, 72 bathrooms. Occupies the territory of 20 hectares, of them 17 hectares of garden. The gardens of Buckingham Palace - the largest private garden in London .

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The Palace is art collection of the Queen with the works of Rembrandt, Rubens and others. In the collection there are also French Sevres porcelain, French and English furniture. The Palace has a swimming pool, mail, as well as its own cinema. For two months (August and September), the Queen leaves Buckingham Palace. In these months the front rooms of the Palace are open to visitors. Tourism The Palace guards Court division, consisting of the regiment of the guards corps and the Royal horse guards regiment. Every day at 11:30 from April to August (in other months after a day) is a ceremony of changing of the guard. This is hardly the most famous ceremony in London; it attracts lots of tourists. The summer Palace is visited by about 30 000 visitors who take part in a reception at the Royal garden, where there is a lake and waterfalls. Picture of natural complement of the bird Flamingo, the rest of which do not violate even the Royal helicopters, in orbit over the garden.

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The Western facade of the Abbey of Cathedral Church of St. Peter at Westminster, almost always called Westminster Abbey - Gothic Church in the city of Westminster London to the West of the Palace of Westminster. Built with breaks with 1245 in 1745 years but the shape keeps Gothic. The traditional place of coronation of the monarchs of the United Kingdom and the graves of the monarchs of England. But for the English it is much more: it is a sanctuary of the nation, a symbol of everything, for which he fought and are fighting the British, and here is the place, where was crowned by a big part of the rulers of the country, many of whom are buried here. Edward the Confessor founded the Benedictine Abbey in 1065 year in this place, overlooking the square of the Parliament.

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The Palace of Westminster , in the building of which meets the Parliament of great Britain, stands on the site of ancient Royal buildings. The first building here was built in the 11th century the residence of Edward the Confessor. In the next century the Palace was repeatedly and was rebuilt, while in 1834 a strong fire is not destroyed most of the ancient buildings. On a place of the burned the king's apartments and was built modern House of Parliament. The Parliament house today is considered one of the most beautiful architectural creations in the world. An elegant building decorated with two peaked towers, stands on the Bank of the ancient Thames, attracting admiring glances of the residents and guests of the city.

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One of the two towers of the Houses of Parliament is known worldwide as the card of London. This is the famous Big Ben with an old-fashioned clock and a huge bell. Looking up at the tower, you can learn about the operating mode of legislators in the hours of the day's work over big Ben is developing flag, if the Parliament has to work at night, on the tower of light the light. Tower « Victoria » is not so famous, though, and rose to a height of about 98 meters by two meters above his legendary brother. In the parliamentary complex of about 1200 rooms, connected with each other five kilometers of corridors. Floors of the Houses of Parliament are connected hundreds of stairs. The ceilings and walls of the Gothic buildings are decorated with heraldic images of birds and animals, portraits of kings and statesmen. The House of Lords are faced with unique wooden panels. The house of Parliament, as it should be the main decoration of the city, is located in the heart of London.

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At the Eastern borders of the city there is Loom D ark T ower . Almost nine centuries stands here this powerful fortress. Historically, the Tower does not belong to city. When in the XI century the Normans invaded the territory of the British Isles, William the Conqueror began to build a fortress near the walls of London not only for the to keep under the control of the Thames estuary, but also for an example of the rebellious citizens, whose independence has long aroused fears of the rulers of England. Already for three hundred years in the tower are stored regalia and crown jewels. During the coronation celebrations them under the special protection of trafficked in Westminster, so that at the end of the ceremony immediately return back.

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The fortress that later became known as the Tower of London , was laid by William the Conqueror in 1066. She performed the role of fortification constructions of. In the following decades was started the construction of the White tower. The exact date of its beginning is unknown, but it is traditionally believed that the tower was founded in the year 1078. The White tower began somewhere between 1075 and 1079 year. In addition, a study of the building of the tower has shown, that, most likely, for unknown reasons in the construction of a break with 1080 on 1090-1093 year. The white tower was very important for London and England; she was one of the biggest buildings in the Christian countries of the time. She served as for military men (mainly defensive purposes, and as a residential building for the king and his courtiers; also in it there was a prison. The construction of the tower was completed at the latest by 1100.

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Approximately in the period of the reign of Henry II (1154-1189) to the southern wall of the White Tower in order to provide additional protection of the gate was added extension, but it is up to our days not been preserved. The reason whitewash donjon tower is unknown, but may, at the decision of Henry influenced by European fashion paint the most relevant urban buildings. Henry improved and the interior of the tower, moving into her new paintings and statues. The tower in the XV century. From the manuscript of Charles, Duke of Orleans, the former prisoner of the fortress

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Her Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress the Tower of London - fortress. The Tower of London is one of the main symbols of the United Kingdom occupying a special place in the history of the English nation. Tower, castle, standing on the North Bank of the Thames, - the historical center of London, and one of the oldest buildings of England. As he wrote, the Duke of Edinburgh in his book, dedicated to the 900th anniversary of the tower, «during its history, the tower of London was a fortress, a Palace, a repository of Royal jewelry, Arsenal, mint, prison, Observatory, a zoo, a place very attractive to tourists». Base The Foundation of the fortress the tower of London is attributed to Wilhelm I. After the Norman conquest of England, William I began to erect defensive castles to intimidate the conquered Anglo-Saxons. One of the biggest in 1078 year it became the Tower .

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State prison The first prisoner was imprisoned in the tower of London in 1190. At that time the tower was the prison was designed for people of noble origin and of high rank. Among the most honorable and high-ranking prisoners of the tower were kings of Scotland and France and members of their families ( Yakov I Scottish prisoners of a Century of war, king John II of France and Charles d'orleans ), as well as representatives of the aristocracy and the priests, fallen into disgrace on charges of treason. The walls of the tower also remember a lot of executions and killings: in the tower were killed Henry VI, 12-year-old Edward V and his younger brother Richard.

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Piccadilly is a road in London, running from Hyde Park Corner in the west to Piccadilly Circus in the east. It is completely within the City of Westminster and forms part of the A4 route, London's second most important western artery, to Avonmouth.Piccadilly is one of the widest and straightest streets in central London. It is the location of several notable London landmarks and buildings, including Fortnum & Mason, the Royal Academy, the Ritz Hotel, the RAF Club, Hatchards , and the embassies of Japan and Malta . Simpson's, once amongst the United Kingdom's leading clothing stores, opened on Piccadilly in the 1930s. time.Until the 17th century the street was known as Portugal Street. The name Piccadilly may have arisen from a tailor named Robert Baker, who owned a shop on the Strand, in the late 16th century and early 17th century. He amassed a large fortune by making and selling piccadills (also called picadils or pickadils —stiff collars with scalloped edges and a broad lace or perforated border), that were then in fashion.

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By the 1920s most of these buildings had been demolished or were in institutional use. The enlargement of Park Lane and the formation of Hyde Park Corner as a major traffic gyratory system has truncated the western stretch of Piccadilly, with the result that Apsley House has become detached from it.Today , Piccadilly is not widely regarded as one of London's principal shopping streets, despite the presence of several famous shops. The Ritz Hotel is located on the street, along with other luxury hotels.In Bram Stoker's novel Dracula , Count Dracula owns a house on Piccadilly.

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In history it is known five cathedrals of St. Paul , that existed at different times, but being in the same place: the first (wooden) Cathedral was built in 604, and burned in 675 g.; the second (stone), the Cathedral was built in 685, and in 961 was destroyed by the Vikings during another RAID in London; the third (stone), the Cathedral was built in 962, and burned down together with the whole of London at the time of the fire 1087 g.; the fourth (stone) Cathedral (also known as Old St. Paul or St. Paul to the Great Fire) was founded in 1087 and consecrated in 1240. It was one of the largest cathedrals in Europe at the time: its length was about 180 meters, width - 30 meters, the height of the steeple is almost 150 meters. The Cathedral burned down in 1666 the Great fire of London. Although after the fire restore the Cathedral was possible, the authorities all the same decided to build a new one in its place a building; the fifth (stone), the Cathedral was built by the project of architect Christopher Wren (eng. Christopher Wren ). The works were started in 1675 and was completed in 1708.

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Officially the date of the opening of the Cathedral is considered to be 20 October 1708 - day of birth of the architect Wren (on the day he was 76 years), but, in fact, the service in the Cathedral began on 2 December 1697. Wren suggested the construction of quite a large Church with a dome and the two towers-clock-towers. This project was approved in June of 1675 the construction work began, however, shortly after this the king Charles II once again requested the project and ordered to make amendments in it, which he described as decorative. It is such kind of decorative changes and was attached to the basic design of the dome of St Paul's Cathedral, which established the existing image of the Cathedral and became one of the major attractions of London. It is generally accepted that the dome of the Cathedral in many respects repeats the dome of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome.

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Tower Bridge is a swing bridge in Central London over the river Thames close to the tower of London. Sometimes they confuse it with the London bridge located upstream. Opened in 1894. It is also one of the symbols of London and Britain. Tower bridge was designed by Horace Jones, it is a swing bridge length of 244 m with two set on intermediate support towers height of 65 m. For pedestrians design of the bridge made it possible to cross the bridge even during the divorce of flight. For this purpose, in addition to the conventional sidewalks, located on the edge of the roadway, in the middle part were designed pedestrian gallery, connecting the tower at a height of 44 meters. You can get to the gallery by the stairs, located inside the towers. Since 1982, the gallery is used as a Museum and an observation deck.

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Only for the construction of the towers and pedestrian galleries took more than 11 thousand tons of steel. In order to better protect the metal from corrosion, the towers were faced with stone, the architectural style of the buildings is defined as Gothic. The full cost of construction amounted to 1 184 000 pounds sterling. In the second half of the XIX century because of increased equestrian and pedestrian traffic in the port area in the East End, the question arose about the construction of a new crossing to the East of the «London Bridge. Only in 1884, the winner was declared and made the decision about the construction of the bridge, proposed by the member of the jury of the City. Jones. After his death in 1887 construction was headed by John Wolf-berry. Construction works started on June 21, 1886, and continued for 8 years. 30 June, 1894, the bridge was inaugurated the Prince of Wales Edward and his wife Princess Alexandra.

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In 1917, the creation of a collection of works of modern foreign painters and sculptors began . In 1923 textile manufacturer Samuel provided a gallery of 50 thousand pounds for the purchase of works of the Impressionists and post-Impressionists. on June 26, 1926, opened the Department of foreign art gallery in a new building In 1987, the gallery opened Clore ( Clore Gallery), in which exhibited the most complete collection of works by J.. M. Have, Turner. In may 2000, in a converted building of the former Bankside power station Power Station on the South Bank of the Thames, opposite the Cathedral of St. Paul, opened a contemporary art gallery Tate Modern (architects Herzog and de Meron ). After this «parent» gallery was renamed into «Tate-Britain» .

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In the center of Trafalgar square is Nelson's column from dark-grey granite 44 m high, topped by a statue of Admiral Nelson. Four of the columns are decorated with frescoes, manufactured from seized and переплавленных Napoleonic cannons. It was built in 1840-1843.surrounded by sculptures of lions and fountains. On the corners of the square - four sculptures. Around the square are the national gallery, the Church of St. Martin in the fields, Admiralty Arch and several embassies .

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Список литературы 1. http ://images.yandex.ru/yandsearch?source=wiz&text=% D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%20%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%20%D0%BD%D0%B0%20%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%20%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B5%20%D1%81%20%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC&noreask=1&pos=10&rpt=simage&lr=213&uinfo=sw-1003-sh-627-fw-778-fh-448-pd-1&img_url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webturizm.ru%2Fphotoforum%2Fpics%2Fanglia9.jpg 2. http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Категория:Достопримечательности_Лондона 3. http:// www.tourister.ru/world/europe/united-kingdom/city/london/placeofinterest 4. http:// engblog.ru/london 5. http:// zakoylok.ru/evropa/london-velikobritaniya.html