Презентация к уроку "THE CULTURE OF AUSTRALIA"

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ARCHITECTURE Australia has three architectural listings on UNESCO's World Heritage list: Australian Convict Sites (comprising a collection of separate sites around Australia, including Hyde Park Barracks in Sydney, Port Arthur in Tasmania, and Fremantle Prison in Western Australia); the Sydney Opera House; and the Royal Exhibition Building in Melbourne. Contemporary Australian architecture includes a number of other iconic structures, including the Harbour Bridge in Sydney and Parliament House, Canberra. Significant architects who have worked in Australia include Governor Lachlan Macquarie's colonial architect, Francis Greenway; the ecclesiastical architect William Wardell ; the designer of Canberra's layout, Walter Burley Griffin; the modernist Harry Seidler ; and Jørn Utzon , designer of the Sydney Opera House. The National Trust of Australia is a non-governmental organisation charged with protecting Australia's built heritage.

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Fremantle Prison in Western Australia Hyde Park Barracks in Sydney Port Arthur in Tasmania

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The Sydney Opera House The Sydney Opera House at night The Royal Exhibition Building in Melbourne

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Francis Greenway William Wardell Walter Burley Griffin Modernist Harry Seidler Jørn Utzon , designer of the Sydney Opera House

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CINEMA Australia's first dedicated film studio, the Limelight Department, was created by The Salvation Army in Melbourne in 1898. The world's first feature-length film was the 1906 Australian production The Story of the Kelly Gang . A major theme of Australian cinema has been survival in the harsh Australian landscape. A number of thrillers and horror films dubbed "outback gothic" have been created, including Wake in Fright , Walkabout and The Cars That Ate Paris in the 1970s, Razorback and Shame in the 1980s, and Japanese Story , The Proposition and the world-renowned Wolf Creek in the 21st century. These films depict the Australian bush and its creatures as deadly, and its people as outcasts and psychopaths. Saw (2004) and Wolf Creek (2005) are credited with the revival of Australian horror. The domestic film industry is supported by US producers who produce in Australia following the decision by Fox head Rupert Murdoch to utilise new studios in Melbourne and Sydney where filming could be completed well below US costs. Notable productions include The Matrix , Star Wars episodes II and III , and Australia starring Nicole Kidman and Hugh Jackman .

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The Story of the Kelly Gang "Crocodile" Dundee The Matrix

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MUSIC The music of Australia includes its earlier Indigenous and colonial societies. Indigenous Australian music is a part of a 40–60,000 year history which made the didgeridoo. Combinations of Indigenous and Western styles show Australian additions to world music. During its early western history, Australia was made of many British colonies. Australian folk music and bush ballads such as Waltzing Matilda were influenced by Anglo-Celtic culture. Classical forms came from those of Europe. Current Australian music covers many trends. They are often similar to those of the US, the UK, and similar nations. There are many similarities in the Australian rock and Australian country music genres.

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Olivia Newton-John Keith Urban AC/DC

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LITERATURE Australia was a collection of British colonies, therefore, its literary tradition begins with and is linked to the broader tradition of English literature. However, the narrative art of Australian writers has, since 1788, introduced the character of a new continent into literature - exploring such themes as Aboriginality, mastership, egalitarianism, democracy, migrant and national identity, distance from other Western nations and proximity to Asia, the complexities of urban living and the "beauty and the terror" of life in the Australian bush. Notable Australian writers have included the novelists Marcus Clarke, Miles Franklin, Patrick White, Thomas Keneally , Morris Westand Colleen McCullough, the bush poets Henry Lawson and Banjo Paterson, historians Manning Clark and Geoffrey Blainey , the playwright David Williamson and leading expatriate writers Barry Humphries, Robert Hughes, Clive James and Germaine Greer.

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Banjo Patterson

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THEATRE There are theatrical and dramatic aspects to a number of Indigenous Australian ceremonies such as the corroboree, and fusions of this ancient theatrical content and style with Western theatrical productions are not uncommon in Australia. However, during its early Western history, Australia was a collection of British colonies in which the theatrical arts were generally linked to the broader traditions of English literature and to British and Irish theatre. Australian literature and theatrical artists have, since 1788, introduced the culture of Australia and the character of a new continent to the world stage. A large number of individuals have made a contribution to Australian theatre, many of whom have also been recognised at an international level, including Sir Robert Helpmann (ballet), Dame Joan Sutherland (opera), the performing artist Barry Humphries and playwright David Williamson. Notable theatrical institutions include the Sydney Opera House, and the National Institute of Dramatic Art in Sydney

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Robert Helpmann Joan Sutherland Barry Humphries

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The National Institute of Dramatic Art complex

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RELIGION In the 21st century, religion in Australia is predominantly Christian. In the 2011 Census, 61.14% of the Australian population were recorded as adhering to Christianity. Historically the percentage has been far higher and the religious landscape of Australia is diversifying, along with multicultural immigration and 22.3% of people with no religious affiliation. 22.3% of Australians declared "no-religion" on the 2011 Census, and a further 8.55% did not answer the question. The remaining population is a diverse group which includes Buddhist (2.46%), Islamic (2.21%), Hindu (1.28%) and Jewish (0.45%) communities. The Constitution of Australia of 1901 prohibits the Commonwealth government from establishing a church or interfering with the freedom of religion.

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St. Mary's Cathedral, the largest Australian church, built in the 19th century and located in Sydney

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LANGUAGE Although Australia has no official language, it is largely monolingual with English being the de facto national language. Australian English has a distinctive accent and vocabulary. According to the 2011 census, 76.8% of people only spoke English at home. Other languages spoken at home included Mandarin 1.6%, Italian 1.4%, Arabic 1.3%, Cantonese 1.2% and Greek 1.2%. A considerable proportion of first- and second-generation migrants are bilingual. It is believed that there were almost 400 Australian Aboriginal languages at the time of first European contact. Only about 70 of these languages have survived and all but 30 of these are now endangered. An indigenous language remains the main language for about 50,000 (0.25%) people. Australia has a sign language known as Auslan , which is the main language of about 6,500 deaf people.

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SPORT Sport is an important part of the culture in Australia, with a long history in the country dating back to the pre-colonial period. Early sports that were played included cricket, horse racing, Australian rules football and rugby. Sport evolved with Australian national identity through events like Phar Lap, the Bodyline series and the America's Cup races. There are a number of professional sport leagues in Australia, including the Australian Football League (Australian rules football),National Rugby League (rugby league), Super Rugby (rugby union), the A league and W-League (soccer), ANZ Championship (Netball), the National Basketball League, the Women's National Basketball League and the Australian Baseball League. Attendance for some of these leagues over the course of a single season tops one million spectators in leagues like the AFL, A-league and NRL. As a nation, Australia has competed in many international events including the Olympics and Paralympics, and the Commonwealth Games. The country has a large number of national teams in sports such as cricket, rugby union, rugby league, basketball, hockey, netball, soccer, softball, water polo and wheelchair rugby. Sport is played by different populations in Australia including women, people with disabilities and Australia's indigenous people.

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Thank you for attention!