Автор поднимает вопрос о положительных и отрицательных сторонах ЕГЭ
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Муниципальное бюджетное образовательное учреждение средняя общеобразовательная школа №1 г. Павлова Нижегородской области.
«ЗА И ПРОТИВ ЕГЭ»
Секция: лингвистическая
Выполнили ученица 11 класса А:
Стрижова Юлия.
Руководитель:
Учитель английского языка
Крылова И.В.
г. Павлово
2012г.
Municipal Educational Establishment
Secondary School №1
Pavlovo Nizhegorodskaya Oblast
“PROS AND CONS THE USE”
Carried out by
the student of the 11 form “A”:
Strizhova Julia, (17 уears old)
Scientific adviser:
Krylova I.V.
Pavlovo
2012
Contents
1. Introduction……………………………………………………………..2
2. PART 1
The History of the Unified State Exam……………………………………3
Comparing the USE with other standardized tests………………………...7
3. PART 2
PROS and CONS the Unified State Exam…..………………………….…9
4. PART 3.
The analysis of interviewing of students and their parents………………..13
5. Conclusion………………………………………………………………18
6.Literature…………………………………………………………………19
INTRODUCTION
The most popular topic of discussion is the so-called "ediny gosudarstvenny ekzamen" (EGE) - the Unified State Exam implemented upon high school graduation. The standardized test was introduced in Russia for the first time in 2009. Its structure is very similar to that of a well-known American SAT. Moreover, just like its foreign counterpart, the Russian standardized test greatly effects students’ options when selecting higher education institutes.
The topicality of the subject of my research can be explained by the following fact. The USE has got both critics and supporters. This year we will take the USE, so it is interesting to know what students and their parents think about this exam; what its positive and negative points are.
I interviewed one hundred students and teachers who live in our town of Pavlovo and almost all of them told us about their problems with passing of the USE.
I have collected the information how students prepare for it, how they want to change it, and what parent’s attention to this exam. To sum it up, I would like to point out the following goals of my research:
5. To make a conclusion: people for or against the USE.
The methods of our research:
My work consists of 3 parts and some supplement materials:
PART 1
The History of the Unified State Exam
Unified State Exam (Russian: Единый государственный экзамен, ЕГЭ, Yediniy gosudarstvenniy ekzamen, EGE) is an exam in the Russian Federation. It is the exam that every student must pass after graduation from school to enter a university or a professional college. Since 2009, EGE is the only form of graduation examinations in schools and the main form of preliminary examinations in universities. The compulsory YGE has drastically changed the Russian education system. Final school exams have now become entrance exams for higher education institutions. Previously, students had to pass school exams to obtain their high school diploma, and then pass individual university entrance exams. Now students will be assessed by universities on the results of their USE (YGE).
The USE has been introduced gradually since 2001 across the Russian Federation, and serves as a school-leaving and university-entrance examination (by 2009 it will truly be a nationwide examination). Students typically take two subject areas of the test, from among the following:
Russian language and mathematics are obligatory; that means that every student needs to get the necessary results in these subjects to enter any Russian university. If the pupil obtains a minimal number of marks for both compulsory exams, they will leave school with a special document that differs from a diploma. If the student gets a bad mark in only one exam, they are allowed to take it again in July.
EGE consists of three parts (except the ones in mathematics and literature): A, B and C.
The A part contains tasks in which student must choose an answer from four variants. The mathematical test no longer contains the A part.
The B part contains tasks in which student must answer briefly with several words, letters or numbers. The C part contains one or several tasks in which student must use his creativity to complete them. For example, he can be given a hard mathematical exercise to solve, a composition to write or a question to answer argumentatively. Unlike the two previous parts, which are checked by a computer, the C part is checked by the experts of the regional examination committee.
Awarding the USE grades involves two stages. In this system, a "primary grade" is the sum of points for completed tasks, with each of the tasks having a maximum number of points allocated to it. The maximum total primary grade varies by subject, so that one might obtain, for instance, a primary grade of 23 out of 37 in mathematics and a primary grade of 20 out of 100 in English. The primary grades are then converted into final or "test grades" by means of a sophisticated statistical calculation, which takes into account the distribution of primary grades among the examinees.
The Unified State Exam (EGE by Russian) introduced in Russia in 2001 only as educational experiment
As education minister, Fursenko has strived to introduce into the education system the Common State Examination (EGE) which was conceived by his predecessor Vladimir Filippov (such examination is used to determine matriculation to third level education). Fursenko reversed his initial disapproval of the EGE to support it in August 2004. Since the autumn of 2004 the EGE has been brought into force on a trial basis in a number of regions in Russia. In August 2006 the Russian government approved of a bill which states that the EGE will be implemented nationwide from 2009 onwards. However, because of pressure from certain members of the educational profession who are dissatisfied with the new project - notably the rector of Moscow State University (MGU) Viktor Sadovnichy - the bill contains a number of conditions which allows for the top Russian universities to admit students based on their performances in the specialized All-Russia Schools' Olympiad and not in the EGE. In January 2007 the law on the introduction of the EGE was approved by the State Duma, while in February of the same year further approval was received from the Federation Council and from President V.V. Putin.[1]
There are various reasons for introducing the Unified State Exam. First of all, it should provide equal conditions for students from all over Russia who want to enter a university or institute. A standard exam and marking system makes it possible to compare students’ abilities.
Alumni-2009 not to be envied: they were the first "lucky" to experience for yourself all the charm of a new system of admission to higher education. But most likely, the structure of graduate school and university entrance exam to continue in 2010, so the EGE will be a basic test, which will take the students. In the delivery of Russian language and mathematics have some more details. They shall be first, and if the student does not pass one of these exams twice, i.e., failed to "retake" it is not allowed to "profile" exams and receive a certificate of secondary education. What undoubtedly makes important to address this issue, as Preparations for the unified state examination in Russian language and mathematics at the beginning of the school year. And can not be excluded that in grades 10-11 will "coach" the students directly to the delivery of EGE. But in our view to this issue should be approached more seriously, chose a course of additional education. However, more recently, there is a huge choice of schools, on the basis of which you can prepare your child to EGE.
Defenders of standardized testing say the process helps evaluate intellectual aptitude and the quality of education in Russia in an unbiased and consistent manner - a much needed tool in the current state of the Russian education system. The knowledge that high school and college officials gain from this new structured method of evaluation helps
them better judge high school graduate’s level of preparation and more fairly compare applicants.
Such exams are not aimed at measuring the level of education and teaching quality, as they cannot provide an in-depth analysis of the studied material. The main aim is to establish and compare the average levels of students’ knowledge.
Comparing the USE with other standardized tests
The USE- test is a standardized test, which is offered to students. It is known that the similar tests are passed in other countries-like the SAT, formerly known as the Scholastic Aptitude Test, in the United States.
Defenders of standardized testing say the process helps gauge intellectual aptitude in an unbiased, consistent manner, and can help universities fairly compare students from across the country, or across the world.
But critics of the SAT and other standardized tests say they discount imagination, creativity, and other qualities of well-rounded students, and may be biased in favor of students who are not necessarily smarter, but more comfortable with empirical testing methods.
What do we know about the SAT?
The SAT is a standardized test for college admissions in the United States. The SAT is owned, published, and developed by the College Board, a nonprofit organization in the United States. It was formerly developed, published, and scored by the Educational Testing Service which still administers the exam. The test is intended to assess a student's readiness for college. It was first introduced in 1926, and its name and scoring have changed several times. It was first called the Scholastic Aptitude Test, then the Scholastic Assessment Test, but now SAT does not stand for anything, hence is an empty acronym.[2]
The current SAT Reasoning Test, introduced in 2005, takes three hours and forty-five minutes to finish, and costs $49 ($75 International), excluding late fees. Possible scores range from 600 to 2400, combining test results from three 800-point sections (Mathematics, Critical Reading, and Writing).
I compared our exam (The USE) with the American one and made the conclusion that the SAT is as difficult exam as the USE (For example, test of foreign language consists of 85 questions (multiple choice), time is 60 minutes (20 minutes for listening questions and 40 minutes for reading). But American students have more opportunities to pass such exam.
| The USE | The SAT |
Preferred by? | Secondary School all over the country | Private schools; schools on the east and west coasts |
How Questions Appear | Order of difficulty | Order of difficulty |
Score Choice? | Yes | No |
Highest Math Level | Algebra Geometry Trigonometry Beginning of Analyses | Algebra/Basic Geometry; test booklet supplies all formulas |
Penalty For Wrong Answers? | No | Yes |
Based on School Curriculum? | More | Less |
Style of Test | More straightforward, with fewer distracters | Tricky, with many distracters |
Structure of Test | Three or two Sections. The time depends on the subject. | Verbal: two 30-min. sections, one 15-min. section |
When it's Offered | In May, June or July | Seven times per year: |
Scoring | 100 for each subject | 200-800 for Math and for Verbal, added together for a composite score; median about 1000 |
When You Should Register | On the 1-st of March | At least six weeks before the test date |
PART 2
PROS and CONS the Unified State Exam.
“The USE has its pros and cons, and I don’t
want to join either its critics or supporters. “
V.V. Putin
Analyzing different resources (newspapers articles, interviews and press-conferences),
I came to the conclusion that the main points of the debates are corruption, cheating, entering the Universities and preparing for the USE. So I make up a table of Pros and Cons.
PROS the USE | CONS the USE |
1. Anticorruption The supporters of the USE consider that the main positive point of the USE is anticorruption. Computers can’t take presents and bribes. The Russian Education Ministry says that standardized tests are seen as a way to fight the rampant corruption and grade-buying that is seen as endemic in Russian high schools and higher education. 2. Entering the University The next adventures of the USE are entering any University of the country. Defenders of standardized testing say the process helps gauge intellectual aptitude in an unbiased, consistent manner, and can help universities fairly compare students from across the country. Children have a possibility of applying to several universities of the country. Students from a small village are able to enter Moscow universities. Every talented child has a chance to show his abilities when sitting the USE. And what is more the exam is also designed to reduce the number of exams students have to pass. 3. Tests The principal feature of the new examination process is its uniformity. No matter what part of the country students live in, everybody will be given the same test at the same level of difficulty. The obvious advantage of the USE is the elimination of subjective factors in students’ evaluations, like teachers and professors’ attitudes toward certain students. The USE aims to overcome these biases by employing an independent commission to mark the tests. |
The incidence of cheating is increasing with the introduction of the USE. Despite the notion that the USE would help combat corruption, there have already been numerous reports of cheating. Many people think that “Cheaters will always find a way around the system. “ There are some examples:
"In our school alone this spring we caught four impostors who were attempting to sit the entrance tests in place of others," said Grigory Kantorovich, deputy head at Moscow's Higher School of Economics (HSE). "Those were not isolated cases; it's a whole, specialized business."[3]
The testing procedure may be complex and difficult to follow. The supervising teacher may not be well trained in the administration of standardized tests. 3.Tests Many teachers and students consider that the tasks in exam tests are not made in accordance with the school programme. They say that changing the form of exam before changing the curriculum is putting the cart before the horse. "But it's obvious that in order to achieve a single education standard, you don't start by introducing exams where everyone has to try and find their bearings. You give teachers a normal, easily defined curriculum. That curriculum does not exist. » they said.[5] Critics of the standardized tests say they discount imagination, creativity, and other qualities of well-rounded students, and may be biased in favor of students who are not necessarily smarter, but more comfortable with empirical testing methods. 4. Preparation for the USE. Because of the lack of correspondence between the current school curriculum and the USE some teachers try “to teach to the tests. Study in 11th class in any Russian school has become a mass preparation for the USE. All that the students think about is how they have to take the EGE. And all the teachers think about is how to ensure that the school gets good results. 5.Check-up If the pupil crosses an answer out in the wrong way, the computer that checks the test can interpret it as a wrong answer, likewise if an answer is written carelessly. Different experts can give various marks for the same task. The discrepancy can be two points. Experts in various cities and regions have differing demands, and they should all be brought into line.
The corruption and bribery in entrance procedures have changed their forms. |
PART 3.
The analysis of interviewing of students and their parents.
I have interviewed students, studying at our school and their parents. The results of this review are shown in these pie-diagrams.
1. What form of exam do you prefer?
The first question of our request was about the preference of the form of the exam. The majority (75%) of the students is in favour of the USE and only 15% are for the old traditional form. It is explained that students have to pass the exam only once and have a possibility of applying to several universities of the country.
2. What is positive about the USE?
The next thing I wanted to know was positive points about the USE. Most respondents found that the USE gives them an opportunity of entering a university (43%).
Some of them are fond of a possibility of applying to several universities of the country (32%). And only 15% believe that they can get ready for the USE better than for a traditional one.
3. What is negative about the USE?
When the respondents were asked to answer the question about the “cons” of the USE the greatest amount of students answered that they don’t have enough time to do the tests (20%). The others consider that their exercise-books don’t have the corresponding material to prepare for exam (31%). Some of the students (36%) find the tasks inconsistent or dual. Nobody (0%) has difficulties in writing answers on the answer sheet.
4. What would you like to change in the USE?
When our respondents were asked whether they would like to change in the USE, they want the tasks to be made in accordance with the school curriculum (45%).
Because of the lack of the time for doing the tests students (36%) would like to have more time for it. Some of them would rather change the number and the contents of the tasks (12% and 7%).
5. How would you change the procedure of taking the USE and preparation?
47% wants to take the exam in their own schools and nobody (0%) wants to go to the university for it.
13% believe it is necessary to take rehearsal examinations more frequently.
18% would like their teachers to pay more attention and time for preparation for the USE during the lessons.
Are the parents against or for the USE and why?
52% support the idea of the USE because they find it rather reasonable.
They think that their children will prepare for the exams more thoroughly and so
their knowledge will be improved.
Correspondingly 48% don’t like this idea because they find the estimation system unjust. These parents suppose the former traditional education was better.
Some parents consider the USE tasks are too difficult and don’t check their children’s knowledge.
But many parents remark that the USE is an easier format for students. There are fewer exams and less stress. But students need tutors to prepare for the YGE. In time, there will be a good system. The YGE gives more opportunities for pupils to enter university.
What do our teachers think about the USE?
70 % of our teachers are supporters of the idea of the USE, but 30% have negative attitude to it.
The main positive points are: reducing the number of exams, decreasing corruption,
advantage of entering any university of our country.
Some teachers criticize the USE for its injustice and non-objectivity. They consider that
the USE don’t check school knowledge, destroy our educational system and are sure that the USE discounts imagination, creativity, and other qualities of well-rounded students.
CONCLUSION
In our research I’ve touched upon some problems with learning foreign languages.
From the survey we can make the following conclusions:
Analyzing the main aspects of the USE, we can make a conclusion that the USE has as negative points as positive ones. The majority of the students and their parents support the idea of the USE. But all of them consider that the USE has to be changed and improve.
Literature
1.Портал информационной поддержки ЕГЭ
2.Сайт Федерального института педагогических измерений — разработчика заданий ЕГЭ
3.Новости Федерации: статья «ЕГЭ БОЯТЬСЯ - В ВУЗ НЕ ПОСТУПАТЬ (МНЕНИЯ ПАРЛАМЕНТАРИЕВ)»
4. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/the USEР
5. The USE falls victim to cyber-cheat.
rt.com/news/prime-time
6. The USE results in stress.
www.sptimes.ru/index.php?action_id
chalkboard.tol/org/Russia
www.the Moscow News.com/society
9. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAT
THESES
The most popular topic of discussion is the so-called "ediny gosudarstvenny ekzamen" (EGE) - the Unified State Exam implemented upon high school graduation. The topicality of the subject of my research can be explained by the following fact. The USE has got both critics and supporters.
I interviewed one hundred students and teachers who live in our town of Pavlovo and almost all of them told us about their problems with passing of the USE.
I have collected the information how students prepare for it, how they want to change it, and what parent’s attention to this exam. To sum it up, I would like to point out the following goals of my research:
My work consists of 3 parts and some supplement materials:
Analyzing different resources (newspapers articles, interviews and press-conferences),
I came to the conclusion that the main points of the debates are corruption, cheating, entering the Universities and preparing for the USE. So I make up a table of Pros and Cons.
I have also interviewed students, studying at our school and their parents. The results of this review are shown in these pie-diagrams.
For example. The first question of our request was about the preference of the form of the exam. The majority (75%) of the students is in favour of the USE and only 15% are for the old traditional form. It is explained that students have to pass the exam only once and have a possibility of applying to several universities of the country.
Analyzing the main aspects of the USE, we can make a conclusion that the USE has as negative points as positive ones. The majority of the students and their parents support the idea of the USE. But all of them consider that the USE has to be changed and improve.
[1] . en.wikipedia.org/wiki/the USEР
[2] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAT
[3] To cheat or not to cheat?
[4] The USE falls victim to cyber-cheat.
[5] Russian New Standardized Exam Fail the Public Test.
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