Экологические проблемы Кузбасса

Слайд 1

Слайд 2

1. Characteristics of air pollution( Характеристика загрязнения воздуха) I n the atmosphere of the Kemerovo region annually thrown (according to incomplete data) more than 1.5 million tons harmful industrial emissions, or more than 60% of total industrial emissions Novosibirsk, Tomsk and Altai regions combined. The main pollutants such as carbon monoxide (51.6%), sulfur dioxide (15%), nitrogen oxides (8%), hydrocarbons (3.5%), as well as suspended particles, emitted into the atmosphere almost all settlements, in major cities around energy intensive facilities they constantly create concentrations exceeding MAC .. Greatest contribution to the finished gross emissions from stationary sources, to ferrous and non-ferrous metal (800 tonnes ), energy (over 320 tonnes ), the chemical and petrochemical industry (over 15 tons). In the major industrial centers of equity contribution of vehicles to air pollution reaches 35-40%. In most cities of Kuzbass atmospheric pollution is much higher than health standards. Kemerovo, Novokuznetsk, Prokopyevsk constantly in the list of priority countries with the highest levels of air pollution. Ranging of cities: the greatest amount of emissions is celebrated in the city of Novokuznetsk 572.69 tonnes Followed by: Belovo - 113 tons, Myski 101.77 tons, 95.26 tons of Kemerovo, Prokopyevsk 42.62 tons, 31.57 tons Kiselevsk , furnace 30, 3 tons, Leninsk -Kuznetsk 27.2 tonnes , 22.38 tonnes Mezhdurechensk , Anzhero Sudzhensk 21.14 tons, 13.79 tons Gurievsk Berezovsky 12.07 tonnes , Mariinsk 9.52 tons, 8.57 tons Osinniki , Jurga 5.76 tons, 3.91 tons Taiga, Salair 1.53 tonnes In the analysis of the quality of the emissions should be noted that the largest number of substances belonging to one class - extremely hazardous substances and 2 - high-risk, is contained in the emissions of cities such as: Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo, Belovo Myski , Prokopyevsk chambers. The level of monitoring of air pollution and measures for management of air quality in the area do not meet modern requirements.

Слайд 3

The problem of water management, water supply to the national economy and drinking water to the population in the Kemerovo region in the last 10 years is unprecedented worsened. Only in the last 30 years of 905 rivers in the Kuzbass destroyed economic activity of about 200 that had previously fed with pure water main waterway of the region - the Tom river. Status of surface water bodies Kuzbass reached such critical limits, except that economic instruments are needed strict legislative measures to strengthen relative to all water users. About 3 million people supplied with water from the Kuzbass basin. Tom. This is the main artery of the area and its use should be completely controlled at the regional level, and for some problematic issues in line with the Tomsk Region. Tom river water continuously polluted with phenols, the average content of phenols in the water river is 9 MAC .. Extremely unfavorable situation with bacterial contamination. Former spawning river Tom almost completely lost its fishery value. Uncontrollable economic management in the channel and on the flood plain of the river (extraction of sand and gravel, cutting and slopes, logging and timber floating, working gold dredges, etc.) to intensify the process of siltation of the river bed, drying up its channel, reducing its shipping options. Directly on the banks of the Tom and its tributaries are located and operated hundreds of livestock facilities, farms, milking, most of which have no sewage treatment plants, and their human waste water going directly into streams, rivers and eventually enter the river Tom. Recent research found that the highest levels of pollution in the rivers of Kuzbass observed during spring tide and powerful storm water runoff when there is a massive man-made products with a water reservoir 2. Characteristics of water pollution Характеристика загрязнения воды

Слайд 4

The problem of man-made land reclamation, return them to the secondary narodohozyaystvennoe use has become an important economic task. Especially in the Kuzbass , where area of disturbed areas exceeding 70 hectares In the vast area of man-made deserts, particularly in open-pit mining of coal and other minerals. Can be traced for tens of kilometers of a complete "laceration" on the earth's surface Mezhdurechensk career. A similar impression zone Kedrovskaya , Berezovsky sections to the north and north-east of the city of Kemerovo. Degradation of the natural environment in these areas have reached such critical limits that their rehabilitation and restoration of ecosystems take decades 3. Status of land reclamation - Статус мелиорации земель

Слайд 5

n the Kemerovo region has vast reserves of coal and brown coal, iron ore, flux and building materials, deposits of base and precious metals. In n / x Kuzbass raw, extractive industries are leading. In this connection the question of complex processing of mineral raw materials, increasing waste production, reducing the loss of mineral extraction and processing are of paramount importance to the economy 4. Conservation of mineral resources - Охрана минеральных ресурсов

Слайд 6

The problem of non-waste production is of great socio-economic importance for raising the economic level and the creation of a modern industrial building, and to provide related to environmental interaction of production, society and the environment. Waste-free production - a production in which all types of waste (including emissions of heat, gases in the atmosphere) are minimized or completely recycled into secondary resources. The basic principle of non-waste technology - integrated use of raw materials. In this case, the main production processes associated operations to extract useful, but not necessary basic production materials, the processing of these materials into finished or semi-finished products sold by other companies. Unfortunately, to date, comprehensive waste technologies in the field were not used and all major concerns of industry and energy work "on the blade." According to incomplete data in the industrial dumps Kuzbass annually receives more than 450 million tons of tailings, 35 million tons of mine tailings coal conversion. Neighborhood of the city of Kemerovo, Leninsk -Kuznetsk, Prokopyevsk, Kiselevsk piled overburden coal mines. In the city of Novokuznetsk heaps of slag, sludge metal iron ore tailings, ash dumps CHP cover more than 800 hectares of land in the flood plain of the river Tom, and the stocks of waste exceeds 100 million tons. The scale of waste in urban ambitious: Novokuznetsk night removes the dumps (based on a 60-ton railroad cars) over 500 cars of various wastes 5. Recycling and disposal of waste - Переработка и утилизация отходов

Слайд 7

In recent years, forest area of Kuzbass declined by more than 10%, mainly by reducing the area of primary forest species - fir. Correspondingly decreased overall kislorodoproduktivnost forests Kuzbass . Of the 6.2 million hectares of forest area, only 20% remained intact scale economic activities because of high mountains and inaccessible transport. The remaining 80% of the area several times passed intensive industrial logging. Especially a lot of damage caused woodlands around towns and villages along the major highways, and along the rivers, which were used as the path of mass alloy timber. On most of the territory of Kuzbass forests lost their water protection and water-regulating functions in their territories intensively developed erosive processes, which is especially dangerous in the mountainous areas of the Kuznetsk Alatau . Use in logging powerful modern techniques do not meet environmental requirements, as well as imperfect technology chopping, sawing and transporting timber for decades removed from the exploitation of rich forests of the region, and in many areas lead to irretrievable loss of forest coenoses . In the industrial district of Kuzbass role forests as reproducer of oxygen - is paramount. Sustainability of forests greatly reduced under the influence of intense industrial pollution of the atmosphere, soil, rain, snowmelt and groundwater. Is the mass extermination of brightly blooming, pleasant-smelling herbs, medicinal plants near cities, in areas of a one-day holiday. Mass exodus of tourists "on the nature of the" accompanied by the destruction of entire fields are known saranok , willow-herb, lights, bells, and other forest plants. Great damage to plant life causing forest fires. We are currently updating the "Red Book" of Kuzbass , which already listed dozens of different plants. There is reason to believe that the next decade of endangered plant species in the Kemerovo region will increase significantly. Given the high anthropogenic pressure in the Kuzbass problem protection, rational use and reproduction of the plant world - is the most important complex problem. Another solution - is to restore soil fertility: it is the preservation of water content of our rivers is the provision of food resources for animals and food for humans. 6. State forest flora Problems - Государственный лесной флоры проблемы

Слайд 8

Over the last decade in the areas of large industrial centers of Kuzbass significantly reduced the species composition of fauna, significantly reduced the density of settlement of birds, mammals. Some birds had completely left the old nest. Great harm to the fauna of Kuzbass brings plowing, pesticides, toxic chemicals, forest fires, open pit mining and blasting, deforestation and water pollution 7. Status of wildlife Состояние животного мира

Слайд 9

Recently carried out a large set of environmental and hygienic studies, analysis of materials on health, morbidity and mortality in the Kemerovo region. For every person on account of harmful emissions into the atmosphere is about 3 times higher than the rate in the country. Morbidity associated with the factor of air pollution, according to some estimates, 70% higher than in Russia, and a number of diseases - at 2-3. Extremely aggravated the situation with cancer ( Mezhdurechensk , Kemerovo, Novokuznetsk), diseases of the respiratory, circulatory and nervous systems. Due to the lack of safe drinking water in many cities in the Kemerovo region (Kemerovo, Leninsk -Kuznetsk, Belovo Kiselevsk etc.) gastric diseases are much higher than in areas secured by high-quality drinking water. Real toxic load of the water factor on health registers in Kemerovo and Jurg . In Kemerovo it is determined by a substance - formaldehyde, Jurga - seven substances: formaldehyde, amines, aniline, anollom and methanol. In cities and many towns Kuzbass developed extremely unfavorable acoustic situation caused by high levels of industrial and traffic noise, which results in increased morbidity Mental disorders and cardiovascular diseases (especially in children and the elderly). The low level of improvement, adverse health conditions in many remote villages to cities, their lack of doctors and medical facilities, prevention leads to high morbidity and mortality, reduce overall life expectancy . 8. Ecological and hygienic problems Экологические и гигиенические проблемы

Слайд 10

Conclusion The concept of ecological development of Kuzbass determined by the main objectives, which are put in the end, not only to develop the program, but their decision directed efforts of the regional administration, specialized environmental control agencies, scientists and the public throughout the region. The first and main goal - is obespeche6nii sanitary, environmental and health standards of life of the population of Kuzbass . The second, equally important goal - to create a system of environmental management, protection and restoration of all components of the ecosystem of the region Improvement of air needs to be addressed further rationing of allowable emissions by improving production processes, the introduction of new fuels, building gas treatment plants, decommissioning of environmentally hazardous activities and technologies, dispersing high-energy production, increasing the green areas, as producers of oxygen. One of the most important areas of the output of the Kuzbass state of ecological crisis is a man-made land reclamation, especially disturbed by coal mining. Priority activities for 1995-1997 is expected to improve processes in order to improve the waste production, measures to deeper processing of raw materials and waste. The environmental development of the region until 2005, will be developed as part of the Territorial comprehensive environmental protection program of the Kemerovo region The present program of priority measures identified the principal areas of environmental activities that are already in the years to allow it to move comprehensive measures to achieve the main objectives: toensure environmental hygiene living in Kuzbass and rational use of its natural resources .

Слайд 11

Thank you for viewing my robots!

Слайд 1

Слайд 2

1. Characteristics of air pollution( Характеристика загрязнения воздуха) I n the atmosphere of the Kemerovo region annually thrown (according to incomplete data) more than 1.5 million tons harmful industrial emissions, or more than 60% of total industrial emissions Novosibirsk, Tomsk and Altai regions combined. The main pollutants such as carbon monoxide (51.6%), sulfur dioxide (15%), nitrogen oxides (8%), hydrocarbons (3.5%), as well as suspended particles, emitted into the atmosphere almost all settlements, in major cities around energy intensive facilities they constantly create concentrations exceeding MAC .. Greatest contribution to the finished gross emissions from stationary sources, to ferrous and non-ferrous metal (800 tonnes ), energy (over 320 tonnes ), the chemical and petrochemical industry (over 15 tons). In the major industrial centers of equity contribution of vehicles to air pollution reaches 35-40%. In most cities of Kuzbass atmospheric pollution is much higher than health standards. Kemerovo, Novokuznetsk, Prokopyevsk constantly in the list of priority countries with the highest levels of air pollution. Ranging of cities: the greatest amount of emissions is celebrated in the city of Novokuznetsk 572.69 tonnes Followed by: Belovo - 113 tons, Myski 101.77 tons, 95.26 tons of Kemerovo, Prokopyevsk 42.62 tons, 31.57 tons Kiselevsk , furnace 30, 3 tons, Leninsk -Kuznetsk 27.2 tonnes , 22.38 tonnes Mezhdurechensk , Anzhero Sudzhensk 21.14 tons, 13.79 tons Gurievsk Berezovsky 12.07 tonnes , Mariinsk 9.52 tons, 8.57 tons Osinniki , Jurga 5.76 tons, 3.91 tons Taiga, Salair 1.53 tonnes In the analysis of the quality of the emissions should be noted that the largest number of substances belonging to one class - extremely hazardous substances and 2 - high-risk, is contained in the emissions of cities such as: Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo, Belovo Myski , Prokopyevsk chambers. The level of monitoring of air pollution and measures for management of air quality in the area do not meet modern requirements.

Слайд 3

The problem of water management, water supply to the national economy and drinking water to the population in the Kemerovo region in the last 10 years is unprecedented worsened. Only in the last 30 years of 905 rivers in the Kuzbass destroyed economic activity of about 200 that had previously fed with pure water main waterway of the region - the Tom river. Status of surface water bodies Kuzbass reached such critical limits, except that economic instruments are needed strict legislative measures to strengthen relative to all water users. About 3 million people supplied with water from the Kuzbass basin. Tom. This is the main artery of the area and its use should be completely controlled at the regional level, and for some problematic issues in line with the Tomsk Region. Tom river water continuously polluted with phenols, the average content of phenols in the water river is 9 MAC .. Extremely unfavorable situation with bacterial contamination. Former spawning river Tom almost completely lost its fishery value. Uncontrollable economic management in the channel and on the flood plain of the river (extraction of sand and gravel, cutting and slopes, logging and timber floating, working gold dredges, etc.) to intensify the process of siltation of the river bed, drying up its channel, reducing its shipping options. Directly on the banks of the Tom and its tributaries are located and operated hundreds of livestock facilities, farms, milking, most of which have no sewage treatment plants, and their human waste water going directly into streams, rivers and eventually enter the river Tom. Recent research found that the highest levels of pollution in the rivers of Kuzbass observed during spring tide and powerful storm water runoff when there is a massive man-made products with a water reservoir 2. Characteristics of water pollution Характеристика загрязнения воды

Слайд 4

The problem of man-made land reclamation, return them to the secondary narodohozyaystvennoe use has become an important economic task. Especially in the Kuzbass , where area of disturbed areas exceeding 70 hectares In the vast area of man-made deserts, particularly in open-pit mining of coal and other minerals. Can be traced for tens of kilometers of a complete "laceration" on the earth's surface Mezhdurechensk career. A similar impression zone Kedrovskaya , Berezovsky sections to the north and north-east of the city of Kemerovo. Degradation of the natural environment in these areas have reached such critical limits that their rehabilitation and restoration of ecosystems take decades 3. Status of land reclamation - Статус мелиорации земель

Слайд 5

n the Kemerovo region has vast reserves of coal and brown coal, iron ore, flux and building materials, deposits of base and precious metals. In n / x Kuzbass raw, extractive industries are leading. In this connection the question of complex processing of mineral raw materials, increasing waste production, reducing the loss of mineral extraction and processing are of paramount importance to the economy 4. Conservation of mineral resources - Охрана минеральных ресурсов

Слайд 6

The problem of non-waste production is of great socio-economic importance for raising the economic level and the creation of a modern industrial building, and to provide related to environmental interaction of production, society and the environment. Waste-free production - a production in which all types of waste (including emissions of heat, gases in the atmosphere) are minimized or completely recycled into secondary resources. The basic principle of non-waste technology - integrated use of raw materials. In this case, the main production processes associated operations to extract useful, but not necessary basic production materials, the processing of these materials into finished or semi-finished products sold by other companies. Unfortunately, to date, comprehensive waste technologies in the field were not used and all major concerns of industry and energy work "on the blade." According to incomplete data in the industrial dumps Kuzbass annually receives more than 450 million tons of tailings, 35 million tons of mine tailings coal conversion. Neighborhood of the city of Kemerovo, Leninsk -Kuznetsk, Prokopyevsk, Kiselevsk piled overburden coal mines. In the city of Novokuznetsk heaps of slag, sludge metal iron ore tailings, ash dumps CHP cover more than 800 hectares of land in the flood plain of the river Tom, and the stocks of waste exceeds 100 million tons. The scale of waste in urban ambitious: Novokuznetsk night removes the dumps (based on a 60-ton railroad cars) over 500 cars of various wastes 5. Recycling and disposal of waste - Переработка и утилизация отходов

Слайд 7

In recent years, forest area of Kuzbass declined by more than 10%, mainly by reducing the area of primary forest species - fir. Correspondingly decreased overall kislorodoproduktivnost forests Kuzbass . Of the 6.2 million hectares of forest area, only 20% remained intact scale economic activities because of high mountains and inaccessible transport. The remaining 80% of the area several times passed intensive industrial logging. Especially a lot of damage caused woodlands around towns and villages along the major highways, and along the rivers, which were used as the path of mass alloy timber. On most of the territory of Kuzbass forests lost their water protection and water-regulating functions in their territories intensively developed erosive processes, which is especially dangerous in the mountainous areas of the Kuznetsk Alatau . Use in logging powerful modern techniques do not meet environmental requirements, as well as imperfect technology chopping, sawing and transporting timber for decades removed from the exploitation of rich forests of the region, and in many areas lead to irretrievable loss of forest coenoses . In the industrial district of Kuzbass role forests as reproducer of oxygen - is paramount. Sustainability of forests greatly reduced under the influence of intense industrial pollution of the atmosphere, soil, rain, snowmelt and groundwater. Is the mass extermination of brightly blooming, pleasant-smelling herbs, medicinal plants near cities, in areas of a one-day holiday. Mass exodus of tourists "on the nature of the" accompanied by the destruction of entire fields are known saranok , willow-herb, lights, bells, and other forest plants. Great damage to plant life causing forest fires. We are currently updating the "Red Book" of Kuzbass , which already listed dozens of different plants. There is reason to believe that the next decade of endangered plant species in the Kemerovo region will increase significantly. Given the high anthropogenic pressure in the Kuzbass problem protection, rational use and reproduction of the plant world - is the most important complex problem. Another solution - is to restore soil fertility: it is the preservation of water content of our rivers is the provision of food resources for animals and food for humans. 6. State forest flora Problems - Государственный лесной флоры проблемы

Слайд 8

Over the last decade in the areas of large industrial centers of Kuzbass significantly reduced the species composition of fauna, significantly reduced the density of settlement of birds, mammals. Some birds had completely left the old nest. Great harm to the fauna of Kuzbass brings plowing, pesticides, toxic chemicals, forest fires, open pit mining and blasting, deforestation and water pollution 7. Status of wildlife Состояние животного мира

Слайд 9

Recently carried out a large set of environmental and hygienic studies, analysis of materials on health, morbidity and mortality in the Kemerovo region. For every person on account of harmful emissions into the atmosphere is about 3 times higher than the rate in the country. Morbidity associated with the factor of air pollution, according to some estimates, 70% higher than in Russia, and a number of diseases - at 2-3. Extremely aggravated the situation with cancer ( Mezhdurechensk , Kemerovo, Novokuznetsk), diseases of the respiratory, circulatory and nervous systems. Due to the lack of safe drinking water in many cities in the Kemerovo region (Kemerovo, Leninsk -Kuznetsk, Belovo Kiselevsk etc.) gastric diseases are much higher than in areas secured by high-quality drinking water. Real toxic load of the water factor on health registers in Kemerovo and Jurg . In Kemerovo it is determined by a substance - formaldehyde, Jurga - seven substances: formaldehyde, amines, aniline, anollom and methanol. In cities and many towns Kuzbass developed extremely unfavorable acoustic situation caused by high levels of industrial and traffic noise, which results in increased morbidity Mental disorders and cardiovascular diseases (especially in children and the elderly). The low level of improvement, adverse health conditions in many remote villages to cities, their lack of doctors and medical facilities, prevention leads to high morbidity and mortality, reduce overall life expectancy . 8. Ecological and hygienic problems Экологические и гигиенические проблемы

Слайд 10

Conclusion The concept of ecological development of Kuzbass determined by the main objectives, which are put in the end, not only to develop the program, but their decision directed efforts of the regional administration, specialized environmental control agencies, scientists and the public throughout the region. The first and main goal - is obespeche6nii sanitary, environmental and health standards of life of the population of Kuzbass . The second, equally important goal - to create a system of environmental management, protection and restoration of all components of the ecosystem of the region Improvement of air needs to be addressed further rationing of allowable emissions by improving production processes, the introduction of new fuels, building gas treatment plants, decommissioning of environmentally hazardous activities and technologies, dispersing high-energy production, increasing the green areas, as producers of oxygen. One of the most important areas of the output of the Kuzbass state of ecological crisis is a man-made land reclamation, especially disturbed by coal mining. Priority activities for 1995-1997 is expected to improve processes in order to improve the waste production, measures to deeper processing of raw materials and waste. The environmental development of the region until 2005, will be developed as part of the Territorial comprehensive environmental protection program of the Kemerovo region The present program of priority measures identified the principal areas of environmental activities that are already in the years to allow it to move comprehensive measures to achieve the main objectives: toensure environmental hygiene living in Kuzbass and rational use of its natural resources .

Слайд 11

Thank you for viewing my robots!