Презентация "Грамматика"

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GRAMMAR Sherstobitova Yuliya Form 1 1 School № 2 , Petrovsk Teacher: Pichugina I.V. Межрегиональная конференция учащихся «Этот удивительный термин» Конкурс презентаций «Этот удивительный термин»

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We’d like to pay your attention to the term “ Grammar”. We cannot run away from grammar. Because grammar is the rules in a language for changing the form of words and joining them into sentences. If there are no rules, or if everybody follows their own rules, It will make a big problem, without rules we would not be able to communicate with other people. So we can finalize grammar is an important factor to learn a new language. Grammar is the business of taking a language to pieces, to see how it works .” (David Crystal) 2012

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Contents 1 . The aim of the project 2 . Etymology 3 . What is grammar ? 4. History 5. Use of the term 6. Grammar frameworks 2012

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Grammar is important because it is the language that makes it possible for us to talk about language. The aim of the project IS to learn a lot about this term Grammar names the types of words and word groups that make up sentences not only in English but in any language. 2012

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The word grammar derives from Greek γραμματικὴ τέχνη ( grammatikē technē ), which means "art of letters", from γράμμα ( gramma ), "letter", itself from γράφειν ( graphein ), "to draw, to write“. Etymology 2012

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P.S. People sometimes describe grammar as the “rules” of a language. Reference books, dictionaries, digital sources are usually saying something like : 2012

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History The first grammar of English, Bref Grammar for English, written by William Bullokar, was published in 1585 The most influential grammar of English (published in 1762) was R. Lowth`s Short Introduction to English Grammar. To a prescriptive grammarian, grammar is rules of correct usage. Its aim was to prescribe what is judget to be correct rather than to describe actual usage. A new, modern understanding of grammar appeared only by the end of the 19 th century, when the period scientific grammar began. 2012

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The term grammar is often used by non-linguists with a very broad meaning. Language learning later in life, of course, may involve a greater degree of explicit instruction. The term "grammar" can also be used to describe the rules that govern the linguistic behaviour of a group of speakers . The term "English grammar", therefore, may have several meanings. It may refer to the whole of English grammar or it may refer to the rules of a particular, relatively well-defined variety of English (such as Standard English). "An English grammar" is a specific description, study or analysis of such rules. A reference book describing the grammar of a language is called a "reference grammar" or simply "a grammar.” Use of the term 2012

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Grammar frameworks Various "grammar frameworks" have been developed in theoretical linguistics since the mid 20th century, in particular under the influence of the idea of a "universal grammar" in the United States . The main divisions are: Transformational grammar (TG ) Systemic functional grammar (SFG) Principles and Parameters Theory (P&P) Lexical-functional Grammar (LFG) Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar (GPSG) Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG ) Dependency grammars (DG) Role and reference grammar (RRG ) 2012

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Education Prescriptive grammar is taught in primary school (elementary school). A standard language is a particular dialect of a language that is promoted above other dialects in writing, education, and broadly speaking in the public sphere. 2012

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Conclusion How to Improve Your Grammar 1. The more you read, the better you get with your vocabulary. It improves grammar . 2. When you write or speak your own thoughts, it's easy to avoid complicated grammar. 3. When you're trying to learn correct English grammar, it's not enough to understand general idea of what you read. You'll need to understand exactly why each sentence is written that way. 4. To learn English grammar well, you'll need to practice each grammar point until you can use it easily. 5. Try to get an overview of English grammar from a text book or online resource. 6. Speak in English, assuming English is the language whose grammar you wish to improve upon 2012

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MY DREAMS BOARD 2012

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Resources http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammar http://grammar.about.com/od/grammarfaq/f/grammarvalue.htm 2012