Из истории английского флага

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England’s flag is represented by a red cross set on a white background. This cross is known as the St George’s Cross and has represented England is various forms from as far back as the Middle Ages and the Crusades (a religiously sanctioned series of military campaigns, which were waged by a large proportion of Western Europe in their efforts to restore Christianity and reclaim Christian ownership of modern-day Israel).

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Because of its use since the 16th century, it has come to be one of the most prominent and well-known symbols of England. The red cross was also an emblem of a knighthood system originating to England’s medieval times, known as the Most Noble Order of the Garter. With such global recognition and acclaim, it was an obvious emblem for the official flag of the country.

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St George, after whom the cross is named, was the patron saint of the country during the 1200’s. There were legends of this courageous saint’s having slain a vicious dragon. St George was a Roman soldier and a priest of the Guard of the Diocletian. During the Crusades, the soldiers would wear plain white tunics, thus the birth of a white background. The cross was used to represent this martyred saint in his religious capacities and was his emblem during his years of battle. He is considered a saint in the Catholic, Anglican, Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox churches.

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The Pope had decided that all English Crusaders should wear red tunics with white crosses, while the French opted for red on white. The English then wanted to reclaim their emblem of a red cross on a white tunic and, in 1188, the kings of each country decided to exchange their flags. However, some of the French soldiers continued to wear their old tunics, resembling the English. For this reason, the red cross on the white background eventually became the symbol for the Crusaders, irrespective of their nationality.

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Even Georgia (a country in Russia) used this iconic emblem of St George in the Middle Ages as he also a patron saint of this country.

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During the Battle of Evesham in 1265, the English royalists wore a red cross on a white uniform to identify themselves as being separate from the rebel barons that had worn white crosses during the Battle of Lewes just some months before. Ten years later, the St George’s Cross was used as England’s identifying emblem during the Welsh War .

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Some historians believe that the St George’s Cross was adopted from Genoa’s flag in 1190 for use on English sailing vessels that were going into the Mediterranean and Black seas so that the Genoese fleets would protect them. Genoese’s flag

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The flag of the United Kingdom (also known as the Union Jack) has incorporated the St George’s Cross from the English flag to a major degree. The St Patrick’s Cross (a red “x” on a white background) has also been used to indicate the merger of the Kingdom of Great Britain with the Kingdom of Ireland. This flag continues to be used to represent the United Kingdom, despite the fact that only Northern Ireland remains a member of the union. The St Patrick’s Cross

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The flag is also seen during other sporting events in which England competes, for example during England Cricket matches (the Cricket World Cup and The Ashes), during Rugby Union matches and in football. It is also used in icons on the Internet and on the TV screen to represent teams and players from England. Before 1996, most of the flags waved by supporters were Union Flags (it is now arguable that this situation has now reversed). Churches belonging to the Church of England (unless for special reasons another flag is flown by custom) may fly St George's Cross. The correct way (since an order from the Earl Marshal in 1938) is for the church to fly the St George's cross, with the arms of the diocese in the left-hand upper corner of the flag

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The Saint George's Cross. In the Union Flag this represents the entire Kingdom of England, including Wales. The English version of the First Union Flag, 1606, used mostly in England and, from 1707, the flag of the Kingdom of Great Britain. The Scottish version of the First Union Flag saw limited use in Scotland from 1606 to 1707, following the Union of the Crowns. The Second Union Flag, 1801, incorporating Cross of Saint Patrick, following Union of Great Britain and Kingdom of Ireland.

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Literature http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_England http://www.england.org.za/englands-flag.php#.T-fLHKHP5Po http://www.google.ru/search?um