Inventions made by women.

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Men used to say that all great discoveries were made in honour of women forgetting about that fact that a lot of inventions were made by women. And now I want you to remember the name of at least one of the god of wisdom ... There is no god of wisdom. Only a goddess - the Greek Athene , Roman Minerva , an ancient Indian Saraswati , the Abkhaz Atana , Benten Japanese ... What does it mean ? The fact that the wisdom of time is immemorial, it has been characterized by the woman. A century ago Harvard University refused to accept the girls, but nowa days it is making desperate efforts to get students to the fair sex. It turns out that girls are better than boys in many disciplines, including science and sports.

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Here are just a few examples of stories that demonstrate that dreaming is not only possible but necessary, and definitely should make concrete steps to implement your dreams, no matter how strange or ridiculous they are to others, it did not seem to others. And maybe only then the world will get something new and original.

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1. Astrolabe A device for measuring the coordinates of celestial bodies was invented by a female scientist, philosopher, astronomer and mathematician Hypatia of Alexandria in 370 BC. Hypatia of Alexandria ( Hypatia ) The female scientist, philosopher, astronomer and mathematician, the latest manager philosophical school of Alexandria and the keeper of famous and rich library of Alexandria. Hypatia was born in the scientific family in Alexandria. Her father was Theon - a famous mathematician, astronomer and engineer of that time. The w ell-known library in Alexandria was situated near their house. From early childhood, the girl enthusiastically listened to her wise father, soaking up knowledge like a sponge, and very soon brilliantly solved the tasks that her brother was not able to do. The h istorians speak of it as a "pattern of intellectual asceticism." In other words, Hypatia had to sacrifice a lot, including the family fortune.

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The final form of the astrolabe was developed in the IV. Mr. Oe . Thus, in Alexandria, almost three hundred years after Ptolemy, a mathematician and philosopher Hypatia was convicted in the Christian society satanic rituals, which include, among other things, the use of the astrolabe. She was beaten and beheaded in 415 AD

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2. Pink champagne Nicole Clicquot Barbier ( Barbe Nicole Clicquot ) 1778 - 1866, invented the "pink champagne" Mystically the best varieties of champagne associated with the names of widows, and the first of them - the famous champagne " Veuve Clicquot ". Baroness Young, Nicole Clicquot after the death of her husband decided against all the customs of the spouse to continue the work on the production and sale of champagne.20-year-old widow, so zealously took up the matter, that a few years later founded her own winery building and opened a method of secondary fermentation in a hermetically sealed container, allowing you to quickly get rid of the sediments and the turbidity of champagne. This method is also used nowadays, after 200 years.

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France began to spread campaign around the world , and Catherine the Great brought it to Russia. After the French campaign of 1812-1814 became a cult drink champagne in spite of the fabulous prices. For example, in those years, a representative of French firms with enthusiasm, wrote from St. Petersburg to his bosses: "I inform you the good news. Queen is pregnant, If she gives birth to an heir, in this vast sea of the country will be drunk champagne." Nicole died at the age of 89. During the years of her reign, "House of Clicquot " gained aworldwide fame, and nowadays she adorns the label of the famous wines.

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3 Circular Saw Tabitha Babbitt for a long time watches the men engaged in sawing logs a special saw with two handles, for which we need to pull forward, then backward. Although the burden on both men was the same, sawed logs only when the saw is moved forward and the reverse movement of a log, nothing happened. Babbitt thought it was a waste of energy, and in 1810 created a prototype of a circular saw, which was later used in the sawmill industry.

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4 . Periscope for submarines With the help of this instrument, which is patented in 1845 by Sarah Mather,you may determine the distance to the observed objects.

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5. Bully In 1873 at the World Exhibition in Vienna, our compatriot Nadezhda Kozhina demonstrated the method of cooking meat for which she received a medal.

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6. Dishwasher Missed a few dishes from their favorite set of China, Josephine Cochran has created a machine that just washes the dishes, not beats. This happened in 1886, but only40 years later, the device was recognized by Cochrane a necessary thing in the economy.

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7. Bra This part of women's wardrobe was patented by Hermine Kadol in France in 1889. I n her corset shop lady Kadol put the product, called «le Bien- Etre » («the well-being"). This bra cups supported by two satin ribbons, and behind all of this construction is attached to the corset.

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8. Snow blower « Clean should not only be in the house, but on the streets »- , decided ordinary secretary Cynthia Westover..

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9. Wipers The first car windshield wipers were made by Mary Anderson in 1903. She felt sorry for the driver, who had to stop the car and shovel the snow off the windshield every time when it snowed.

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10. Filter Coffee Thanks to Merlitte Benz , lovers of coffee are free from the tedious procedure of the coffee making. Merlita twisted the first filter for coffee from the sheet of her own school notebook in 1909.

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11. The muffler for the car This acoustic filter was invented by El Dolores Jones in 1917, and after that the world around us became a little quieter.

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12. Diapers Tired mom and housewife Marion Donovanv in 1917 sat at a sewing machine with a shower curtain and after several attempts created a waterproof cover for the diaper. Unlike rubber sliders that were already on the market, the design does not cause diaper rash Donovan and shook the baby's skin.

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13. Chocolate chip cookies During the preparation of biscuits on the classic recipe Ruth Wakefield in 1930 decided to make an experiment,she melt the chocolate bar and add it to the dough . The cookies were so tasty that later Ruth and her husband launched their serial production.

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14. Wi-Fi Heady Lamarr gained notoriety after co-starred in the film directed by Gustav Czechoslovak Mahat , the first time in the history of cinema has been candid scene of a sexual nature, for that Adolf Hitler called it the enemy of the Third Reich, and Pope Pius XII called good Catholics do not watch a movie. But Heady fascinated not only a movie. In 1941, she patented a secret communications tool that dynamically alter the frequency of the broadcast, to make it difficult to intercept the enemy. Since 1962, this device was used in the American torpedoes, now used in mobile and WiFi .

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15. Bulletproof vest In 1965, Dr. Stephanie Kwolek invented Kevlar, a synthetic material, which is five times stronger than steel. This invention saved thousands of lives of police officers, firefighters and military men. Kevlar has become the basis for bulletproof vests.

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Once Katherine Blodgett found that after repeated immersion lens in particular oily substance on it creates a very thin film - just a single molecule, not allowing light to be reflected. So in 1938 there was a so-called enlightened "anti-glare" glass from which to make steel windows, Lens, etc.

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The secretary Betty Graham moonlighted as an additional artist, she often had to paint the pictures bad strokes - a kind of "mistake", but in the painting. Apparently tired of retyping text with mistakes, she thought, as it were as easy and just cover up the mistake, slipped while typing? Betty took a jar of white tempera (this is such an ancient paint), brush, and brought to work. Filled mistake has never been found! Thus the observation secretary invented proofreader - an assistant of typists.

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Augusta Ada Lovelace ( Ada Lovelace) 1815-1852, the world's first programmer Born December 10 1815 legendary woman - Countess Augusta Ada Lovelace. That it was the first programmer, note that a female programmer. In her honor, one of the languages of modern programming bears her name - "ADA". She was the daughter of the great English poet Lord Byron, though her vocation was not poetry, like her parent, and mathematics. Ada helped Babbage, Charles (he invented the "analytical engine") to write programms for his invention. However, she was famous for her comments to the translation of the Italian mathematician Luigi articles Menabrea , attended lectures and Babbage attempted to describe his car. Comments to the study of Charles Babbage was three times longer than the actual job description. As it turned out later, her comments contain the basic principles of programming and have a fundamental difficulty in this area. Lovelace is the author of such terms as "working cell" and "cycle". By the way, many of his works published by Ada man's name, otherwise they are simply not published. In 1835 Ada Byron at the age of 19 she married Lord King, who later became the Earl of Lovelace. Ada had three children. S he died of cancer at the age of 36, 29 November 1852 (as her father, Lord Byron, who at the time of death was also 36 years old). The modern personal computer was invented only 123 years later, by the way, also by a woman :)

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Sara Woker 1868 -1917, invented a way to straighten hair It just seems that all sorts of accessories for hair - penny pieces. On the hair one can make millions. And proved that Sarah Walker - the first black woman millionaire, which joined in the "Guinness Book of Records." Sarah made her millions on her own invention - a mean of straightening hair. A little before this invention, it also opened a recipe for boldness . She was born in the family of former slaves, whose parents died of yellow fever, when Sarah was 6 years old. At 14, she married at age 19 she had a daughter, and after a year her husband died in racial riots of America. N ext 18 years, she was busy studing at night school and working in the laundry room. In general, her life was savory. Well, in addition to all the misery she was rapidly losing her hair at age 36 and bolding . Nothing helped , but in a dream, as is usually the case, she saw a recipe for "miracle" hair restorer. Having made the medicine, she tried it on her self and got excellent results, so that she decided to start her own business. And then she was lucky the second time: in 1906 she married the second time Charles Walker, who was a journalist and helped his wife in advertising.

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And then it dawned on her again, and she came up with a means for straightening curly hair. This facility has had a such a success that Sarah had to hire assistants, and then open the compartment to expand production, develop new-technology. Declared means of softening the hair, complete with a special steel comb for straightening gave black women the opportunity to make a white hair sample. In addition, the company of Sarah Walker wore a new philosophy: change the social status of the "black" population. The system worked only "colored" employees. A total of 15 workers and thousands of distributors, consultants to retrain cosmetologists. Husband of Sarah Walker could not resist testing the success of his wife and they divorced in 1912. Sarah in the last years of his life devoting most of the time enlightenment and charity. It was she who in 1915 started a lawsuit against racial discrimination in theaters in Indianapolis. It was she who in 1917 insisted that the Voluntary Association for Lynch declared a federal crime. She has performed in Washington against segregation before President Woodrow Wilson. It was the largest donators in favor of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, has provided financial assistance to the manger and orphanages, churches and schools in Indianapolis, St. Louis, Florida, North Carolina, Georgia, founded the Academy for girls in West Africa. Today, her face emblazoned on U.S. postage stamps, and her biography is taught in American schools.

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And some more facts Maria Skłodowska -Curie (1867 -1934), a physicist. Invented the radium and polonium. Maria Jews - an alchemist. She lived in Alexandria in the 1st century. Opened the way to get perchloric acid. Bettina Gozzadini - lawyer. Chaired the department of law at the University of Bologna in 1236g. Son of Juan Inez de la Cruz (1651-1695) - theologian. The Catholic nun. Engaged in observations of stars, composing music and painting. As a theologian, was one of the first who said that science and religion do not contradict each other. Mary Anning (1799-1847) - a paleontologist. Never received any education that did not put her to dedicate his life to paleontological research, and make a lot of discoveries. She found the first complete skeleton of ichthyosaur in 1811, as well as skeletons of plesiosaur and pterodactyl. Maria Gaetana Agnezi (1718-1799) - mathematician. As stated in the biographical references, the solution of algebraic equations can still be found in modern textbooks on algebra. One of her solutions went down in history as "The Witch Agnezi " In the nine years Agnezi owned by the Italian, French, Latin, Greek, German, Spanish and Hebrew. For his outstanding achievements, Pope Benedict XIV personally appointed her to the chair of mathematics at the University of Patients. Fans of gaming as I may recall that in 1702 Queen Anne of England offers the idea of betting on horse races.

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Sophia Herman (1776-1831) - mathematician. Developed the modern theory of elasticity. Without her work would be impossible to practically all modern construction. In one of his works, she mentioned about the stability of orbits and their biases. After reading its conclusions and believing them, the scientist was able to subsequently open the Adams Neptune. Florence Nightingale (1820 - 1910) - Founder of Medical Statistics. Entered history as the founder of nursing and the kind of "Angel of Mercy", devoting herself to the care of wounded and sick. However, its activity was not limited to these. All her life she worked on health care reform, first began to use statistical methods in health. The first devised to represent data in a sector of the diagram. Nettie Stevens (1861 - 1912) - Biologist. She proved that chromosomes "X" and "Y" determine sex. Julia Lermontov (1847-1919) - the first Russian woman-chemist Dr.. Way Lermontova in science has been extremely difficult, because in Russia at the time the doors of higher educational institutions were closed to women. However, Lermontov was able to overcome all difficulties and to become a scientist, his work to enrich the chemical sciences. Many of her works have not lost value, and in our days. Just one example: from 1878 to the present time for the synthesis of hydrocarbons are widely used reaction- Butlerova Eltekova -Lermontov. Sofia Kovalevskaya (1850-1891) - mathematician, writer and publicist. The world's first woman professor. El Dolores Jones in 1917, invented a car muffler. Margaret Knight (1838-1914) - a female inventor.Invented a machine for the automatic folding and gluing paper, allowing a square or rectangular base

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This is a small list - one more reason to be proud of women and love them not only for their tenderness and beauty, but also for the inquisitive mind and creative approach in the pursuit of goals. To sum up I would like to say that in each of us lives a little, and maybe even a great genius, a solvent of miracles, a storyteller, an inventor, we must believe in ourselves and in our st rength . So, love yourself, believe in yourselves , improve yourselves and do your possible to reach a success!