Mass media.

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Mass Media Mass media are one of the most characteristic features of modern civilization. People are united into one global community with the help of mass media. People can learn about what is happening in the world very fast using mass media. The mass media include newspapers and magazines, radio and TV, the Internet.

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Newspapers The earliest kind of Mass Media was newspaper. The first newspaper was Roman handwritten newssheet called “Acta Duirna” (“Daily Events”) started in 59 B.C. The first printed newspaper was Chinese publication called “ Dibao” (“Tipao”) started in A.D. 700’s. It was printed from carved wooden blocks. The first regularly published newspaper in Europe was “Avisa Relation” or “Zeitung”, started in Germany in 1609.

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Newspapers can present and comment on the news in much detail in comparison to radio and TV newscasts. Newspapers can cover much more events and news.

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Television TV is one of our most important means of communication. It brings moving pictures and sounds from around the world into millions of homes. The name ‘Television’ comes from Greek word meaning ‘far’, and Latin word meaning ‘to see’, so the word “television” means ‘to see far’.

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Magazines Magazine is one of the major mass media. Magazine is a collection of articles and stories. Usually magazines also contain illustrations. The earliest magazines developed from newspapers and booksellers catalogs. Such catalogs first appeared during the 1600’s in France. In the 1700’s pamphlets published at regular intervals appeared in England and America. One of the British magazines “The Gentlemen’s Magazine” was published from 1731 to 1914. The first American magazine was called the “American Magazine”, or “A Monthly View”.

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Magazines provide information on a wide range of topics such as business, culture, hobbies, medicine, religion, science, and sport. Some magazines entertain their readers with fiction, poetry, photography or articles about TV, or movie stars.

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The British Press The British press consists of several kinds of newspapers. The national papers are the ones sold all over the country, with a large circulation, giving general news. There are two main types of national paper - the "popular" papers and the "quality" papers. The popular papers are smaller in size (they are tabloid s size), with lots of pictures, big headlines and short articles. They are easy to read and often contain little real information. They give much space to o pi nions. They usually have "human interest" stories - stories about ordinary people and events. Examples of this type of newspapers are "The Daily Mail“ , "The Sun", etc. "Quality" papers appeal to the more serious reader, who wants to read about politics and foreign affairs. These papers such as "The Daily Telegraph", "The Guardian“ , “The Financial Times”, “The Times”, “The Independent” are bigger in size (they are called "broad-sheets"), with longer articles and a wider coverage of events. They have different pages for home news, foreign affairs, features articles, fashion, business, sport and so on.

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Mass media ( that is the press, the radio and television ) play an important role in the life of society. They inform, educate and entertain people. They also influence the way people look at the world and make them change their views. Mass media mould public opinion.Millions of people in their spare time watch TV and read newspapers. Everybody can find there something interesting for him. On the radio one can hear music, plays, news and various discussions or commentaries of current events. Lot's radio or TV games and films attract a large audience. Newspapers uses in different ways,but basically they are read. There is a lot of advertisment on mass media. Some of the TV and radio stations and newspapers are owned by different corporations. The owners can advertise whatever they choose. But it is hardly fair to say that mass media do not try to raise cultural level of the people or to develop their artistic taste. Mass media brings to millions of homes not only entertaiment and news but also cultural and educational programs .

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